20. Effects of modifications to meals on nutritional status.
| Outcome | (N) | Results | P Value | ||
| Intervention | Control | ||||
| Weight and BMI (mean change (SD)) | |||||
| Fortification of food (studies in hospital) | |||||
| Munk 2014 | Mean (SD) within‐group change in weight (kg) |
66 | 0.4 (2.6) | ‐0.4 (1.8) | 0.17 |
| Mean (95% CI) between‐group difference in weight (kg) |
‐0.8 (‐1.9 to 0.3) | ||||
| Fortification of food (studies in residential care homes) | |||||
| Leslie 2012 | Mean (SD) within‐group weight change (kg) | 31 | 1.3 (0.53)* | ‐0.2 (1.5)** | *0.03 **0.536 |
| Mean (SD) within‐group change in BMI (kg/m2) | 31 | 0.5 (0.25)* | ‐0.1 (0.4)** | *0.042 **0.517 |
|
| Mean (SD) within‐group change in MUAC (mm) | 32 | 0.4 (0.16)* | ‐0.1 (0.3)** | *0.019 **0.691 |
|
| Smolliner 2008 | Mean (SD) change weight (kg) | 52 | 2 (2.1) | 1.6 (2) | NS |
| BMI change (kg/m²) | 52 | 0.77 (1.5) | 0.45 (1.1) | Between‐group difference NS |
|
| Modifications to meal composition (studies in intermediate care) | |||||
| Bouillanne 2013 | Mean (SD) change weight (kg) | 63 | 0.4 (2.3) | ‐0.7 (3.1) | NR |
| Modifications to meal delivery (studies in residential care homes) | |||||
| Germain 2006 | Mean (SD) change weight (kg) | 15 | 3.9 (2.3) | ‐0.8 (4.2) | 0.02 |
| BMI change (kg/m²) | 15 | 1.51 (1.16) | 0.27 (1.46) | Data provided by study author P value NR |
|
| Modifications to flavour (studies in residential care homes) | |||||
| Essed 2007 | Mean (SD) change weight (kg) | 83 | Flavour: 0.1 (2.4) Flavour + MSG: ‐ 0.8 (3.3) MSG: ‐ 0.7 (3.6) |
0.1 (3.8) | NR |
| Mathey 2001b | Mean (SD) change weight (kg) | 67 | 1.1 (1.3) | ‐0.3 (1.6) | < 0.05 |
BMI: body mass index; CI: confidence interval; MSG: monosodium glutamate; MUAC: mid‐upper arm circumference; NR: not reported; NS: not significant; SD: standard deviation