Comparison 1. Supportive interventions for enhancing dietary intake versus comparators.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 No. of participants with complications	5	4702	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.11 [0.86, 1.42]
1.1 Changes to the organisation of nutritional care	3	624	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.12 [0.76, 1.67]
1.2 Modification of meal profile or pattern	1	63	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.59 [0.06, 6.14]
1.3 Additional supplementation of meals	1	4015	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.14 [1.02, 1.28]
2 Nutritional status (weight change)	17	2024	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.62 [0.21, 1.02]
2.1 Changes to the organisation of nutritional care	6	1140	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.09 [‐0.26, 0.45]
2.2 Changes to the feeding environment	1	39	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.43 [‐2.11, 1.25]
2.3 Modification of meal profile or pattern	5	253	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	1.16 [0.41, 1.92]
2.4 Additional supplementation of meals	4	475	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.90 [0.41, 1.38]
2.5 Congregate and home meal delivery systems	1	117	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	2.90 [1.00, 4.80]
3 Hospitalisation	5	667	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.48 [‐2.56, 1.59]
3.1 Changes to the organisation of nutritional care	3	515	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐2.08 [‐6.75, 2.58]
3.2 Modification of meal profile or pattern	1	81	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [‐3.48, 3.48]
3.3 Additional supplementation of meals	1	71	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.20 [‐2.26, 2.66]
4 All‐cause mortality	12	6683	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.78 [0.66, 0.92]
4.1 Changes to the organisation of nutritional care	4	1237	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.71 [0.52, 0.97]
4.2 Changes to the feeding environment	1	20	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	3.00 [0.14, 65.90]
4.3 Modification of meal profile or pattern	2	150	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.04 [0.15, 7.22]
4.4 Additional supplementation of meals	4	5073	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.77 [0.58, 1.02]
4.5 Congregate and home meal delivery systems	1	203	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.33 [0.09, 1.18]