Simmons 2010.

Methods	Parallel randomised controlled clinical trial Randomisation ratio: 1:1:1 Superiority design
Participants	Inclusion criteria: long stay residents; free of feeding tube; not receiving hospice care; identified for nutritional supplementation Exclusion criteria: not stated Diagnostic criteria:
Interventions	Number of trial centres: 3 Treatment before trial: not stated
Outcomes	Outcomes reported in abstract of publication: energy intake, staff time and costs
Study details	Run‐in period: not stated Was trial terminated early: no
Publication details	Language of publication: English Funding: non‐commercial funding ‐ National Alzheimer's Association and National Institute for Aging Publication status: peer review journal
Stated aim for study	Quote from publication: "To determine the cost effectiveness of supplements relative to offering residents snack foods and fluids between meals to increase caloric intake"
Notes	‐
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Quote from paper: "Participants....were randomised into one of three groups" Comment: insufficient detail of method provided
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Comment: no detail provided
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Comment: insufficient detail
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Comment: insufficient detail
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Comment: fully reported
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Comment: insufficient detail to judge
Other bias	Unclear risk	Comment: baseline characteristics reported for whole study population and not according to group allocation