1. CEAP classification of chronic venous disease.

Classification	Description/Definition
Clinical
0	no visible or palpable signs of venous disease
1	telangiectases or reticular veins
2	varicose veins
3	oedema
4a	pigmentation or eczema
4b	lipodermatosclerosis or atrophie blanchie
5	healed venous ulcer
6	active venous ulcer
S	symptomatic, including ache, pain, tightness, skin irritation, heaviness, muscle cramp and other complaints attributable to venous dysfunction
A	asymptomatic
Etiologyl
Ec	congenital (present since birth)
Ep	primary
Es	secondary (post‐thrombotic, traumatic)
En	no venous cause identified
Anatomy distribution
As	superficial (great and short saphenous veins)
Ap	perforator (thigh and leg perforating veins)
Ad	deep (cava, iliac, gonadal, femoral, profunda, popliteal, tibial, and muscular veins)
An	no venous location identified
Pathophysiology
Pr	reflux (axial and perforating veins)
Po	obstruction (acute and chronic)
Pr,o	combination of both reflux and obstruction (valvular dysfunction and thrombus)
Pn	no venous pathophysiology identified

CEAP classification: classification of chronic venous disease according to clinical manifestation, etiologic factors, anatomic distribution of disease, and underlying pathophysiologic findings

See Eklof 2004 for further details about CEAP