Cereghino 1974

Methods	Randomised, double‐blind cross‐over trial with 3, 21‐day treatment periods and a 2‐week washout period (regular medications used) 3 treatment arms: CBZ, phenytoin, and PB
Participants	Institutionalised adult participants with uncontrolled seizures on current medication Number randomised: PB = 45, CBZ = 45 41 participants (91%) with partial epilepsy 28 (62%) male participants  Age range: 18 to 51 years Study duration: 13 weeks (3 x 21‐day treatment periods plus 2 x 2‐week washout periods)
Interventions	Monotherapy with PB or CBZ Daily dose: PB = 300 mg/day or CBZ = 1200 mg/day
Outcomes	Behaviour outcomes Adverse effects Seizure frequency Time to treatment withdrawal due to poor seizure control
Notes	The outcomes chosen for this review were not reported due to the cross‐over design of the trial.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Randomisation of groups from random number tables (confirmed by author).
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No information provided.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No information provided on blinding.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No information provided on blinding.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Withdrawal rates reported, no further information provided.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All efficacy and tolerability outcomes specified in the methods sections reported well in the results section. No protocol available, outcomes for this review not available due to trial cross‐over design.
Other bias	High risk	Cross‐over design may not be appropriate for monotherapy designs, likely carryover effects from one period to another so the comparison may not be entirely monotherapy.