Figure 8.

Exposure to PB alters colonic cytokines/chemokines. Data from multiplex cytokine/chemokine arrays showing the effects of exposure to PB on colonic immune responses in male (A, B, E–J) and female (C, D, K–M) mice. Heat maps show the fold change in cytokines and chemokines in males and females at d 7 (A, C) and d 30 (B, D). Significant differences are indicated for control vs. 9 μg/ml PB (a), control vs. 90 μg/ml PB (b), and 9 μg/ml PB vs. 90 μg/ml PB (c). Summary data (right) show significant differentially regulated cytokines and chemokines in males (E–J) and females (K–M). At d 7, male mice (90 µg/ml group) exhibited a decrease in G-CSF. *P < 0.05 compared with control (E), *P < 0.05 compared with control (eotaxin, F), **P < 0.01 compared with control (IFN-γ, G), *P < 0.05 compared with control (IP-10; also known as CXCL10, I), **P < 0.01 compared with control (MIG; also known as CXCL9, J), *P < 0.05 compared with control (increase in the expression of IL-13, H). These alterations were not observed in male mice at d 30 (B). In contrast, female mice exhibited an increase in the expression of MIG at d 7 (C, K), *P < 0.05 compared with PB (9 μg/ml), *P < 0.05 compared with control; a decrease in MCP-1 at d 30 (D, L), ***P < 0.001 (9 μg/ml) vs. control and *P < 0.05 (90 μg/ml) vs. control; and an increase in the expression of MIP-1a at d 30 (M), *P < 0.05 compared with PB (9 μg/ml) (n = 7–8 animals/group).