Cottraux 1983.

Methods	Study design: Randomized controlled trial Country: France Recruitment: Community volunteers Group size: 15
Participants	558 (418 in arms of interest) community volunteers; 24% women, av. cpd 31 Therapists; 2 per group, qualifications not described
Interventions	1. Behaviour therapy. Includes discussion, training in relaxation. 3 x 3‐hr sessions over 2 wks. Relaxation and stress‐desensitization audiotape for daily use 2. Acupuncture (not included in MA) 3. Placebo ‐ lactose capsules for 2 wks. Met 2 x 10‐min with a doctor 4. 1‐yr waiting‐list control.
Outcomes	Abstinence at 12 m Validation: none. Assessor blind to treatment condition
Notes	Although 3 described by authors as placebo the 2 meetings with a doctor make it more comparable with an advice intervention, so 1 vs 3 used in comparison 1.3.1 and 1 vs 4 in comparison 1.5
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Randomized, stratified by presence of another smoker in household, method not described
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No details given
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	No validation and some participants were on a waiting‐list control
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	5% lost to follow‐up, included in ITT analysis