Grant 2003.

Methods	Study design: Randomized controlled trial Country: USA Recruitment: Substance abuse treatment centre volunteers Group size: not stated
Participants	20 alcoholic smokers; 93% men, av. age 44, 77% smoked 11 ‐ 30 cpd
Interventions	All participants were attending an outpatient alcohol treatment programme 1. Education & group therapy, 5 weekly sessions, 8 wks trial of NRT offered unless contra‐indicated 2. No formal treatment, access to standard cessation resources including NRT
Outcomes	Abstinence at 12 m follow‐up (7 day PPA) Validation: no biochemical, collateral informants at 6 m only
Notes	Comparison 1.5. Use of NRT high in both conditions, 6/20 in treatment, 10/20 in control
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Randomized, method not stated
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No details given
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	No biochemical validation
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	2 withdrawals not included in denominators