Leung 1991.

Methods	Study design: Randomized controlled trial Country: Hong Kong Recruitment: Community volunteers
Participants	95 (63 in relevant arms); 26% women, av. age ˜37, av. cpd ˜26
Interventions	1. Behavioural programme including self‐monitoring, management techniques, coping skills. 10 x 1½‐hr sessions over 2 wks 2. Auricular acupuncture. Same no. of sessions. Not used in review 3. Waiting‐list control
Outcomes	Abstinence (not defined) at 6 m Validation by cohabitant and work colleague report
Notes	1 vs 3, comparison 1.5
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Randomized, method not described
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No details given
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	No biochemical validation, waiting‐list control
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	9 people lost to follow‐up re‐included in analyses for MA