Table 1. Baseline characteristics of inpatients included in the EMPOWER cohort.
| N |
Total (n = 378) |
N | Males (n = 192) | N |
Females (n = 186) |
|
| Characteristics | ||||||
| Age, years | 378 | 79.7 ± 6.4 | 192 | 79.1 ± 6.3 | 186 | 80.3 ± 6.5 |
| Living independently, n (%) | 376 | 355 (94.4) | 192 | 185 (96.4) | 184 | 170 (92.4) |
| Weight, kg | 378 | 73.1 ±17.1 | 192 | 77.4 ± 14.6 | 186 | 68.7 ± 18.3 |
| Height, cm | 378 | 168.5 ± 9.5 | 192 | 175.2 ± 6.9 | 186 | 161.5 ± 6.3 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 378 | 25.8 ± 5.7 | 192 | 25.2 ± 4.4 | 186 | 26.4 ± 6.8 |
| Risk of malnutrition, n (%) | 377 | 130 (34.5) | 192 | 70 (36.5) | 185 | 60 (32.4) |
| Comorbidities, median (IQR) | 376 | 3 (2–5) | 192 | 3 (2–5) | 184 | 3 (2–5) |
| Coronary heart disease, n (%) | 377 | 46 (12.2) | 192 | 27 (14.1) | 185 | 19 (10.3) |
| COPD, n (%) | 377 | 47 (12.5) | 192 | 27 (14.1) | 185 | 20 (10.8) |
| N |
Total (n = 378) |
N | Males (n = 192) | N |
Females (n = 186) |
|
| Stroke, n (%) | 377 | 64 (17.0) | 192 | 38 (19.8) | 185 | 26 (14.1) |
| Malignancy, n (%) | 377 | 134 (35.5) | 192 | 75 (39.1) | 185 | 59 (31.9) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 377 | 83 (22.0) | 192 | 52 (27.1) | 185 | 31 (16.8) |
| Heart failure, n (%) | 377 | 61 (16.2) | 192 | 36 (18.8) | 185 | 25 (13.5) |
| Length of stay, median (IQR) | 378 | 5 (3–8) | 192 | 5 (3–7) | 186 | 5 (3–9) |
| Acute admission, n (%) | 378 | 320 (84.7) | 192 | 167 (87.0) | 186 | 153 (82.3) |
| Inflammation | ||||||
| Elevated CRPa, n (%) | 191 | 155 (81.2) | 95 | 77 (81.1) | 96 | 78 (81.3) |
| Muscle measures | ||||||
| Handgrip strength, kg | 378 | 20.6 ± 9.8 | 192 | 26.1 ± 9.9 | 186 | 14.9 ± 5.6 |
| SMM, kg | 321 | 26.1± 6.0 | 158 | 29.8 ± 5.6 | 163 | 22.5 ± 3.8 |
| SMM, % | 321 | 36.4 ± 6.0 | 158 | 39.1 ± 5.0 | 163 | 33.7 ± 5.7 |
| Functional dependency | ||||||
| ADL score, median (IQR) | 373 | 5 (3–6) | 192 | 6 (3–6) | 181 | 5 (3–6) |
| ADL dependent, n (%) | 373 | 188 (50.4) | 192 | 91 (47.4) | 181 | 97 (53.6) |
| IADL score, median (IQR) | 262 | 7 (4–8) | 131 | 6 (4–7) | 131 | 7 (5–8) |
| IADL dependent, n (%) | 262 | 176 (67.2) | 131 | 99 (75.6) | 131 | 77 (58.8) |
| Functional dependency 3 months post discharge | ||||||
| ADL score, median (IQR) | 291 | 5 (4–6) | 140 | 6 (4–6) | 151 | 5 (4–6) |
| ADL dependent, n (%) | 291 | 151 (51.9) | 140 | 64 (45.7) | 151 | 87 (57.6) |
| IADL score, median (IQR) | 283 | 6 (3–7) | 135 | 6 (4–7) | 148 | 6 (3–8) |
| IADL dependent, n (%) | 283 | 217 (76.7) | 135 | 107 (79.3) | 148 | 110 (74.3) |
All variables are presented as mean (SD), unless otherwise indicated. N: number of patients. BMI: Body Mass Index. CRP: C-reactive protein. SMM: Skeletal muscle mass. ADL: Activities of Daily Living. IADL: Instrumental Activities of Daily Living.
aElevated CRP is defined as CRP ≥10 mg/L.
COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.