30.

Trial Sequential Analysis of mortality at maximal follow‐up for cyclosporine A versus tacrolimus. We used an alpha error of 2.5%, power of 90% (beta error of 10%), a relative risk reduction (RRR) of 20% (upper figure) and that observed in trials (12%) (lower figure), control group proportion (Pc) observed in the trials (15.4% mortality), and I² of 0% (upper figure) and that observed in the trials (I² = 39%) (lower figure). The accrued sample size (1176) is only a fraction of the information size (IS) (6528 trial participants) or heterogeneity‐adjusted information size (HIS) (31,317 trial participants). As shown in all of the comparisons, the cumulative Z‐curves (blue line) do not cross any of the trial sequential monitoring boundaries (red lines), and neither do they cross the conventional alpha boundary of 2.5% (green line).