Saeidi 2011.

Methods	Randomized controlled trial
Participants	60 full term infants (80% of case group and 73.3% of control group had 40 weeks GA) Birth weight, mean ± SD, grams: 3242 ± 306.6 (intervention), 3151 ± 331.5 (control) Painful procedure: vaccination Study period: March to July 2006
Interventions	Intervention: skin to skin contact 2 minutes before vaccination through 3 minutes after Control: standard care during painful procedure Provider: mother provided skin‐to‐skin care
Outcomes	Behavioural changes using the Neonatal/Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) 2 minutes before, during, and 3 minutes after intervention; heart rate and oxygen saturation
Notes	Country: Iran Power calculation: unclear
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	"Samples were divided randomly into two groups." Unclear how the matching was done or how the sequence was generated.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information available to judge
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	"Neonatal reactions to pain were video recorded." Unclear whether video recording was focused on face of infant.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Dropout rates not reported
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	NIPS outcomes were clearly presented in Tables 1‐3; O₂ saturation presented clearly under results but specific HR and crying interval data not reported
Other bias	Unclear risk	Power calculation not done