Comparison 1. Shared decision making versus usual care (control).

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Antibiotics prescribed, dispensed or decision to use (short‐term, index consultation to ≤ 6 weeks)	8	10172	Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.61 [0.55, 0.68]
2 Antibiotics prescribed or dispensed (longer‐term, ≥ 12 months)	3	481588	Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.74 [0.49, 1.11]
3 Antibiotic prescriptions (index consultation) (adjusted odds ratio)	3	3244	Odds Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.44 [0.26, 0.75]
4 Antibiotic prescriptions (index consultation) (adjusted risk ratio)	2	4623	Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.64 [0.49, 0.84]
5 Antibiotic prescriptions (index consultation or population rate per unit of time) (adjusted risk difference)	4	481807	Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)	‐18.44 [‐27.24, ‐9.65]
6 Number or rate of re‐consultations (risk ratio)	4	1861	Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.87 [0.74, 1.03]
7 Patient satisfaction with the consultation	2	1052	Odds Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.86 [0.57, 1.30]