Messina 2013.

Methods	RCT Approved by the Ethics Committee
Participants	Patients > 75 years of age admitted with fractured hips not scheduled for hip replacement
Interventions	Treatment group: Spinal with 7.5 mg of levobupivacaine plus 5 mcg of sufentanil performed in the lateral position with the fractured side uppermost. Patients were kept in this position for 5 minutes (n = 10) Control group: General anaesthesia with propofol, sevoflurane, remifentanil and cisatracurium (n = 10) All patients received Ringer's Lactate solution 500 mL rapidly administered via the peripheral line before either spinal or general anaesthesia induction, Voluven", (hydroxyethylstarch 6%), 20 mL X BMI l3 was used to treat the first episode of hypotension in both groups
Outcomes	Surgery (min) Operative hypotension (MAP decrease of 25% or more)
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Computer‐generated randomization list
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not mentioned
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Not mentioned
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Not mentioned
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	No loss to follow‐up
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	No failed spinal mentioned: "All patients in subarachnoid anaesthesia group had an effective intraoperative anaesthesia and analgesia"
Other bias	Low risk	Groups well balanced