Ungemach 1993.
| Methods | RCT | |
| Participants | Orthopaedic hospital in Mannheim, Germany 114 patients with a proximal femoral fracture Mean age 79 years (range not stated). Male: 16% Number lost to follow‐up: not stated | |
| Interventions |
Treatment group: spinal anaesthesia with 3‐4 mL of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine (n = 57) Control group: general anaesthesia with isoflurane, fentanyl, nitrous oxide/oxygen (n = 57) |
|
| Outcomes | Mortality at 2 weeks only. This result was not included in the analysis | |
| Notes | Conference abstract | |
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | "randomized", no details |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Not mentioned |
| Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | High risk | Unlikely |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | High risk | Not mentioned |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | No loss to follow‐up mentioned |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | No failed spinal mentioned |
| Other bias | Low risk | Groups said to be comparable |