Hannover 2009.

Methods	Study design: Randomized controlled trial Setting: Maternity wards in 6 hospitals, Germany Recruitment: Women in hospital post partum
Participants	379 women who were smoking postpartum (subgroup of trial participants). av. age for all participants 26, av. cpd 14
Interventions	Therapist: 4 counsellors trained in motivational interviewing 1. Counselling; face‐to‐face session in mothers' homes, duration NS, 2 phone boosters at 4 and 12 wks 2. Usual care and S‐H materials at screening
Outcomes	Sustained abstinence at 24 m (PP also reported, followed up at 6, 12, 18 m) Validation: none
Notes	New for 2016 update Using earlier or PP outcome would not affect meta‐analysis
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	High risk	"simple randomization .... allocating women to either intervention or control group alternating in the order on the screening forms". Whether the allocation sequence would begin with treatment or control condition was decided ad hoc.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	High risk	No possibility of concealment
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	No biochemical validation of abstinence
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	16% intervention and 6% control lost or withdrew