Rigotti 1997.

Methods	Study design: Randomized controlled trial Setting: Hospital, USA Recruitment: Inpatients in medical or surgical services, smoking > 1 cig in month before admission
Participants	615 smokers or recent quitters (excluding 35 deaths). 37% of intervention and 32% of controls had a current smoking‐related health problem
Interventions	Therapist: research assistant supervised by a nurse 1. Usual care 2. Single bedside counselling session (motivational interviewing, cognitive behavioural and relapse prevention techniques), av. 15 mins, S‐H materials, chart prompts, 1 ‐ 3 telephone calls post‐discharge
Outcomes	Abstinence at 6 m (PP, sustained abstinence reported based on self‐report) Validation: saliva cotinine for people living in Mass (85% of quitters)
Notes	Use of validated PP rather than sustained abstinence gives more conservative treatment effect
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Each day's list of eligible smokers put in random order and participants recruited consecutively in this order. Randomized by research assistant
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No details given
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Biochemical validation of abstinence for majority
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	73 (22.4%) lost to follow‐up included in ITT analysis, no evidence of differential loss. 35 (5.4%) deaths excluded