Simon 2003.

Methods	Study design: Randomized controlled trial Setting: Veterans Affairs hospital, USA Recruitment: Hospitalized smokers in contemplation or preparation stage of change
Participants	209 smokers, 20+ cigs in total in wk before hospitalization, excludes 14 deaths during follow‐up 97% men, av. age 55, av. cpd 23
Interventions	Therapists: trained nurse or public health educator 1. Intensive counselling: single counselling session (30 ‐ 60 mins) prior to discharge (based on social learning theory and stages of change), 5 telephone counselling calls < 30 mins, 1 and 3 wks, monthly for 3 m + S‐H. Recycling encouraged. Nicotine patches begun in hospital, dose‐based on pre‐hospitalization smoking rates. 2 m supply at discharge 2. Nicotine patches as 1. ˜10‐min session on risks and benefits, S‐H.
Outcomes	Abstinence at 12 m (7‐day PP) Validation: saliva cotinine < 15 ng/ml
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	"Randomly assigned using computerized algorithm"
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No details provided
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Biochemical validation of abstinence
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	7 (3%) lost to follow‐up included in ITT analysis, 14 (6%) died and excluded from denominator