Wiggers 2006.

Methods	Study design: Randomized controlled trial Setting: Cardiovascular outpatient department, Netherlands Recruitment: People attending regular consultation; those consenting referred to nurse practitioner
Participants	385 smokers (8 deaths excluded from outcomes) 37% women, av. age 59, av. cpd 21
Interventions	Therapist: nurse practitioner In both groups, participants planning to quit received 8 wks nicotine patch with instruction from nurse. 1. Minimal Intervention Strategy for cardiology patients (C‐MIS). 15 ‐ 30 mins at baseline, 1 phone call at 2 wks, additional session on request. Assessment of dependency and motivation, barriers; TQD set for motivated participants 2. Usual care without motivational counselling.
Outcomes	Abstinence for 7 days at 12 m Validation: Urine or saliva nicotine/cotinine/thiocyanate. Self‐reported smokers also tested; validated rates include smokers with negative biochemical results, so self‐reported non‐smoking used in MA
Notes	Included on grounds that participants were referred to nurse practitioner for counselling; not part of usual care
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	"A computerized balanced randomization programme taking prognostic factors (e.g. clinic attendance, age and gender) into account."
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	"While patients completed their baseline questionnaire (and signed a written informed consent) nurses randomly assigned ..."
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Biochemical validation of abstinence
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	1 withdrawal due to cognitive problems and 8 deaths during follow‐up not included in analyses. At 12 m 45 not reached by mail or phone, included in ITT. More unmarried participants lost