Williams 2010.

Methods	Study design: Randomized controlled trial Setting: Mental health outpatient clinics, USA Recruitment: People with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, willing to use NRT
Participants	100 smokers (> 10 cpd) using an atypical antipsychotic; 16% women, av. age ˜46, av. cpd 23
Interventions	Therapists: trained mental health clinicians provided both conditions Pharmacotherapy: nicotine patch (21 mg for 16 wks incl tapering) 1. Treatment of Addiction to Nicotine in Schizophrenia (TANS); 24 x 45‐min individual counselling sessions over 26 wks 2. Medical Management (MM); 9 x 20 mins over 26 wks
Outcomes	Continuous abstinence at 12 m Validation: CO < 10 ppm
Notes	New for 2016 update Contributes to comparison 2.1.2, more versus less intensive counselling as adjunct to pharmacotherapy
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	"adaptive urn randomization procedure that accounts for motivation, gender, ethnicity, and heavy versus light smoking status"
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Judged that process for randomization prevented prior knowledge of condition
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Biochemical validation of abstinence
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	75% followed up at 12 m, authors report "not different between groups"