| Study | Reason for exclusion |
|---|---|
| Aagaard‐Tillery 2010 | Results presented in another study |
| Abbas 1995 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Abdul‐Hamid 2004 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies |
| Abraha 1999 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Abu‐Rustum 2010 | Not Down’s syndrome specific |
| Achiron 2010 | Study only includes cases of Down’s syndrome |
| Adekunle 1999 | Unable to extract useful information |
| Aitken 1993 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Aitken 1996 | Fewer than 80% of pregnancies had gestational age confirmed by USS |
| Aitken 1996a | Fewer than 80% of pregnancies had gestational age confirmed by USS |
| Ajayi 2011 | No diagnostic data |
| Akbas 2001 | Less than 5 Down's syndrome pregnancies |
| Alexioy 2009 | Study only includes test positives |
| Allingham‐Hawkins 2011 | Quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction study |
| American College 2009 | Discussion article |
| Antona 1998 | Likely fewer than 80% of pregnancies dated by USS |
| Antsaklis 1999 | Women screened at greater than 24 weeks' gestation |
| Anuwutnavin 2009 | Second trimester ultrasound |
| Ashwood 1987 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Asrani 2005 | Review article |
| Audibert 2001b | Unable to ascertain whether part of screening population in Rozenberg et al. No response from authors therefore excluded to reduce risk of data replication |
| Axt‐Fleidner 2006 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Azuma 2002 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Baghagho 2004 | Unable to obtain paper |
| Bahado‐Singh 1995 | USS markers greater than 14 weeks' gestation |
| Bahado‐Singh 1996 | USS markers greater than 14 weeks' gestation |
| Bahado‐Singh 1999 | USS markers greater than 14 weeks' gestation |
| Bahado‐Singh 2002 | USS markers greater than 14 weeks' gestation |
| Bahado‐Singh 2003 | Review article |
| Ball 2007 | Data from the FASTER trial |
| Bar‐Hava 2001 | No Down's pregnancies in study population |
| Barkai 1996 | No Down's pregnancies in study population |
| Barnabei 1995 | No Down's pregnancies in study population |
| Bartels 1988 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Bartels 1993 | No Down's pregnancies in study population |
| Barth 1991 | Second trimester ultrasound study |
| Bas‐Budecka 2007 | No diagnostic data |
| Baviera 2004 | Unclear method of confirmation of gestational age |
| Bazzett 1998 | Male versus female fetuses |
| Beke 2008 | Results are not specific to Down’s syndrome |
| Bellver 2005 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in study |
| Benn 1995 | Less than 80% follow‐up |
| Benn 1996 | Less than 80% follow‐up |
| Benn 1997 | No Down's pregnancies in study population |
| Benn 1998 | Less than 80% follow‐up |
| Benn 2001 | Statistical modelling (computer simulation) |
| Benn 2002 | Modelled data |
| Benn 2003 | Less than 80% of pregnancies dated by USS |
| Benn 2003a | Editorial |
| Benn 2005 | No Down's pregnancies included |
| Benn 2005a | Mathematical model |
| Benn 2007 | No follow‐up information |
| Berry 1995 | Less than 80% of pregnancies USS dated |
| Berry 1997 | Less than 80% of pregnancies USS dated |
| Bersinger 1994 | Gestational age not USS estimated |
| Bersinger 2000 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Bersinger 2001 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in study population |
| Bersinger 2003 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Bersinger 2004 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in study population |
| Bersinger 2005 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in study population |
| Bestwick 2008 | All healthy pregnancies |
| Biggio 2004 | Cost‐effectiveness analysis |
| Bilardo 2011 | Not a proper sample ‐ most had elevated NT |
| Bindra 2002 | Review article |
| Blundell 1999 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Boormans 2010 | Study of testing on amniocentesis samples |
| Boots 1989 | Population risk factor calculations |
| Bornstein 2009a | No diagnostic data |
| Bornstein 2009b | No diagnostic data |
| Bornstein 2010 | No diagnostic data |
| Borowski 2007 | No diagnostic data |
| Borrell 2007 | No follow‐up data |
| Borrell 2009 | Based on SURUSS (Serum, Urine and Ultrasound Screening Study) data ‐ second trimester serum parameters not actually measured |
| Borruto 2002 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Bottalico 2009 | Second trimester ultrasound |
| Boue 1990 | Review article |
| Bradley 1994 | Screen negative population gestations not confirmed by ultrasound |
| Braithwaite 1996 | Review article |
| Brambati 1995 | USS screening inclusive of women greater than 14 weeks' gestation |
| Brambati 1996 | Review article |
| Brizot 1995 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Brizot 1995a | Unable to extract useful data |
| Brizzi 1989a | Second trimester ultrasound |
| Brock 1990 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Calda 2010 | No data for false positive rates |
| Campogrande 2001 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Canick 1988 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Canick 1995 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Canini 2002 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in study population |
| Cans 1998 | Second trimester ultrasound |
| Carreras 1991 | Second trimester ultrasound |
| Caughey 2007 | No diagnostic data |
| Cebesoy 2008 | No diagnostic data |
| Chelli 2008 | No follow‐up for false negatives |
| Chen 1999 | Review article |
| Chen 2002 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in study population |
| Chen 2004 | Less than 5 Down's cases in study population |
| Chen 2005 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Chen 2008 | No diagnostic data |
| Cheng 1993 | Likely that fewer than 80% of gestational age confirmed by USS |
| Cheng 1999 | Case series No Down's syndrome pregnancies in study population |
| Cheng 2004a | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in study population |
| Cheng 2004b | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in study population |
| Chitayat 2002 | Less than 5 Down's cases in study population |
| Chiu 2011 | Study of maternal DNA testing |
| Cho 2009 | Study of testing amniotic fluid |
| Chou 2009 | Not possible to calculate specificity |
| Christiansen 2002 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Christiansen 2007 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Christiansen 2008 | No diagnostic data |
| Chung 2000 | Less than 5 Down's syndrome pregnancies in study population |
| CNGOF 1996 | Unable to obtain translation |
| Cocciolone 2008 | Unable to extract useful data ‐ attempted to contact author |
| Cole 1996 | Review article |
| Comas 2001 | USS at greater than 14 weeks |
| Comas 2002a | USS at greater than 14 weeks |
| Comas 2002b | USS at greater than 14 weeks |
| Comstock 2006 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Conde 1998 | Review article |
| Cowans 2011 | No diagnostic data |
| Crossley 1991 | Less than 80% of pregnancies had gestational age confirmation by ultrasound |
| Crossley 1993 | Less than 80% of pregnancies had gestational age confirmation by ultrasound |
| Crossley 1996 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in study population |
| Crossley 2002 | Adjustment factors for smokers |
| Cuckle 1984b | Gestational age not confirmed by USS |
| Cuckle 1987a | Gestational age not confirmed by USS |
| Cuckle 1987b | No gestational age limits given |
| Cuckle 1990 | Paper presenting adjustment factors |
| Cuckle 1996a | Data modelled on 4 meta‐analysed studies |
| Cuckle 1999b | Unable to extract useful data |
| Cuckle 1999c | Review article |
| Cullen 1990 | Abnormal scans only in study population |
| Cusick 2004 | Less than 5 Down's syndrome pregnancies in study population |
| Cusick 2007 | ST ultrasound |
| Dancoine 2001 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in study population |
| Dane 2008 | Not specific to Down’s syndrome |
| De Biasio 2000 | Unable to extract useful information |
| De Biasio, 1999 | Unable to ascertain whether overlapping populations between several papers ‐ attempted to contact author with no response |
| De Biasio, 2001 | Unable to ascertain whether overlapping populations between several papers ‐ attempted to contact author with no response |
| De Graaf 1991 | Unable to extract useful data |
| De Graaf 1999 | Modelled data |
| Del Carmen Saucedo 2009 | No follow‐up information |
| DeVore 2001 | Second trimester ultrasound |
| Dhaifalah 2007a | Unable to obtain translation |
| Dhaifalah 2007b | Unable to obtain translation |
| Dhallan 2007 | DNA testing of blood samples from parents |
| Dickerson 1994 | Comment |
| Dimaio 1987 | Gestational age by USS only in screen positive population |
| Doran 1986 | Ultrasound confirmation of gestational age performed in screen positive women only |
| Dreux 2008 | No information for specificity |
| Drugan 1996a | Second trimester ultrasound |
| Drugan 1996b | Unable to extract useful data |
| Drysdale 2002 | Fewer than 5 Down's syndrome pregnancies in population |
| Dugoff 2008 | Not specific to Down’s syndrome |
| Ebell 1999 | Review article |
| Economides 1998 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Erickson 2004 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in population |
| Evans 1996 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in population |
| Evans 2007 | Data previously presented in another study |
| Falcon 2005 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Falcon 2006 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Ford 1998 | Audit |
| Frishman 1997 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in population |
| Fukada 2000 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Gaudry 2009 | Study of karyotyping |
| Gebb 2009 | Study only examines screen positives |
| Geerts 2008 | Study only examines abnormal foetuses |
| Geipel 2010 | ST ultrasound |
| Gekas 2009 | Diagnostic data from other studies |
| Gekas 2011a | Diagnostic data from other studies |
| Gekas 2011b | Diagnostic parameters from other studies |
| Gerovassili 2007 | No diagnostic data |
| Ghidini 1998 | Comparison of male versus female fetuses |
| Goetzinger 2010 | Second trimester ultrasound |
| Goldie 1995 | Fewer than 80% of study population and gestational age confirmed by USS |
| Gollo 2008 | Only 1 case of Down’s syndrome |
| Gonçalves 2004 | Greater than 14 weeks USS screening |
| Goodburn 1994 | Likely that fewer than 80% of pregnancies had gestational age estimated by USS |
| Gorduza 2007 | Study of FISH technique |
| Grace 2010 | ST ultrasound |
| Grati 2010 | No diagnostic data |
| Gray 2009 | ST ultrasound |
| Gregor 2007 | Unable to obtain translation |
| Gregor 2009 | Unable to obtain translation |
| Grether 2009 | Systematic review and guidelines |
| Grozdea 2002 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Guo 2010 | Study of fetal samples |
| Gyselaers 2004a | Less than 80% follow‐up |
| Gyselaers 2004b | Less than 80% follow‐up |
| Gyselaers 2006a | Unaffected pregnancies only |
| Gyselaers 2006b | Unable to extract useful data |
| Hackshaw 1995 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in population |
| Hackshaw 2001 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in population |
| Haddow 1992 | Less than 80% of pregnancies had gestational age confirmed by ultrasound scan |
| Hadzsiev 2007 | Study of FISH technique |
| Hafner 1995 | Less than 5 Down's pregnancies in study population |
| Hallahan 1998 | Gestational age greater than 24 weeks |
| Han 2008 | Study of findings on amniocentesis |
| Harper 2010 | Second trimester ultrasound |
| Harrison 2006 | Less than 80% of pregnancies had gestational age confirmed by ultrasound scan |
| Harry 2006 | Editorial |
| Hayashi 1995 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Hayashi 1996 | Less than 5 Down's pregnancies in study population |
| Heikkila 1997 | Fewer than 80% of pregnancies had gestational age confirmed by USS |
| Heinig 2007 | No Down’s syndrome data |
| Heinonen 1996 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in population |
| Herman 2000 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in study population |
| Herman 2003 | Correlation between markers, not evaluation of screening tests |
| Herrou 1992 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Hershey 1985 | Gestation unclear |
| Hershey 1986 | Gestation based on LMP |
| Hewitt 1993 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Hills 2010 | Study of testing on CVS and amniocentesis samples |
| Ho 2010 | Study of FISH diagnosis |
| Hogdall 1992 | Unclear method of determination of gestational age Unable to extract useful data |
| Hong Kong Practitioner | CME |
| Hoogendoorn 2008 | Diagnostic data from other studies used |
| Howe 2000 | Second trimester ultrasound scans |
| Hsiao 1991 | Unable to obtain translation |
| Hsieh 1999 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in study population |
| Hsu 1997a | Adjustment factors |
| Hsu 1998a | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in study population |
| Hsu 1999b | No Down's pregnancies |
| Hu 2007 | Same data as Liu 2010 |
| Huang 2003 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in study population |
| Huang 2007a | Not possible to obtain detection rate |
| Huang 2007b | No diagnostic data |
| Huggon 2004 | Study of cardiac function in pregnancies with normal and abnormal NT results |
| Hui 2003 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in population |
| Hui 2005 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in population |
| Hultén 2004 | Editorial/commentary |
| Hung 2003 | Modelling |
| Hung 2008 | Second trimester ultrasound |
| Hurley 1993 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Huttly 2004 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in population |
| Hwa 2004 | Less than 5 Down's pregnancies in population |
| Iles 1996 | Review |
| Ind 1994 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Ivorra‐Deleuze 2010 | No diagnostic data |
| Jakobsen 2011 | Not Down’s syndrome specific |
| Jean‐Pierre 2005 | Review article |
| Johnson 1991 | Gestatiojnal age estimated by USS in fewer than 80% of cases |
| Johnson 1993 | Normal pregnancies only |
| Jorgensen 1999 | Gestation greater than 14 weeks for USS |
| Jorgez 2007 | Study of DNA testing on maternal blood |
| Josefsson 1998 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in study population |
| Jou 2001 | Less than 5 Down's syndrome pregnancies in study population |
| Jun‐Tao 2003 | Unable to obtain translation |
| Jung 2007 | ST ultrasound |
| Kagan 2006 | Screen positive pregnancies only |
| Kagan 2007 | No diagnostic data |
| Kagan 2008 | Not Down’s syndrome detection |
| Kalelioglu 2007 | ST ultrasound |
| Kautzmann 1995 | Fewer than 80% pregnancies had gestational age estimated by USS |
| Kazerouni 2009 | Not possible to obtain complete diagnostic data |
| Keith 1992 | Summary article |
| Kelekci 2004 | Less than 5 Down's syndrome pregnancies in population |
| Kellner 1995a | Less than 5 Down's syndrome pregnancies in population |
| Kellner 1995b | Less than 80% follow‐up Unable to ascertain proportion of population with gestational age confirmed by USS |
| Kellner 1997 | Assumption of normal karyotype without reference standard in significant proportion of control pregnancies |
| Kirkegaard 2008 | FPR only calculated for subset of the cohort |
| Kjaergaard 2008 | Unable to obtain translation |
| Knight 1990 | Review article |
| Knight 2001 | Validation of a specific assay |
| Knight 2005 | Less than 80% of pregnancies had gestational age confirmed by ultrasound scan |
| Koos 2006 | Review article |
| Kornman 1996 | Less than 5 Down's syndrome pregnancies in population |
| Kornman 1997 | Unable to extract useful information |
| Kotaska 2007 | No new data |
| Kramer 1998 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in study population |
| Krantz 1996 | Modelled data |
| Krantz 2005 | Adjustment factor |
| Krantz 2007 | Uses data from other published studies |
| Kulch 1993 | No Down's cases in population |
| Lai 1998 | Modelled population |
| Lai 2003 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in study population |
| Laigaard 2006a | Unable to extract useful data |
| Laigaard 2006b | Simulation |
| Lam 1997 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Lam 1998 | Fewer than 80% pregnancies had gestational age estimated by USS |
| Lam 1999a | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in population |
| Lam 1999b | Unable to extract useful data |
| Lam 2000 | Study of women's decisions about screening |
| Lam 2001 | Male versus female fetuses |
| Lambert‐Messerlian 1996 | Fewer than 80% of pregnancies USS dated |
| Lambert‐Messerlian 1998 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Lauria 2007 | No diagnostic data |
| Lehavi 2005 | Down's syndrome pregnancies only |
| Leung 2006 | Unable to separate twins from singletons therefore unable to extract useful data |
| Leymarie 1993 | Appears to be a review article (French) |
| Li 1998 | Unable to obtain translation |
| Li 1999 | Unable to obtain translation |
| Li 2010 | No diagnostic data |
| Liao 1997 | Unable to obtain translation |
| Liao 2001 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Lim 2002 | Second trimester ultrasound |
| Lippman 1987 | Editorial |
| Liu 2010 | Not possible to separate out data for cases of Down’s syndrome |
| Lo 2010 | Pooled test results |
| Lustig 1988 | Gestational age by LMP only |
| Luthgens 2008 | FPR and DR obtained from different cohorts |
| MacDonald 1991 | Fewer than 80% of gestational ages estimated by USS |
| Macintosh 1994 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Macintosh 1997 | Unable to extract useful data |
| MacRae 2010 | Pooled test results |
| Macri 1994 | Likely fewer than 80% evaluated for gestational age by ultrasound examination |
| Macri 1996 | Likely fewer than 80% evaluated for gestational age by ultrasound examination |
| Malone 1998 | Review article |
| Malone 2003 | Review article |
| Mandryka‐Stankewycz 2009 | No diagnostic data |
| Mangione 2001 | Abnormal screening results only |
| Markov 2008 | Unable to obtain paper |
| Maymon 2001a | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in study population |
| Maymon 2001b | No normal test results included therefore unable to extract meaningful data |
| Maymon 2002 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in study population |
| Maymon 2004 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in study population |
| Maymon 2005 | Modelled data |
| McDuffie 1996 | USS dating on screen positive women only |
| Meier 2002 | Observed versus expected cases of Down's syndrome in a population |
| Merkatz 1984 | Gestational age not confirmed by ultrasound scan |
| Merz 2005 | Editorial |
| Merz 2008 | First trimester only |
| Metzenbauer 2001 | Normal pregnancies only |
| Metzenbauer 2002 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Mikic 1999 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in study population |
| Miller 1991 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Milunsky 1989 | Fewer than 80% gestational age estimated by USS |
| Milunsky 1996 | Fewer than 80% gestational age estimated by USS |
| Minobe 2002 | Gestational age greater than specified limits |
| Miron 2008 | No diagnostic data |
| Miron 2009 | No diagnostic data |
| Miron 2010 | No diagnostic data |
| Miyamura 1999 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Moghadam 1998 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Monni 2000 | Less than 5 Down's syndrome pregnancies |
| Monni 2002 | Review article |
| Mooney 1994 | Greater than 24 weeks' gestation |
| Muhcu 2008 | No diagnostic data |
| Muller 1994 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in study population |
| Muller 1996 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Muller 1999 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Muller 2002a | Gestational age greater than 24 weeks |
| Muller 2002b | Unable to extract meaningful data ‐ unable to separate double and triple test data |
| Muller 2003 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in study population |
| Murta 2002 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Musone 2000 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Musto 1986 | Fewer than 80% USS dated |
| Myrick 1990 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Naidoo 2008 | Not specific Down’s syndrome results |
| Nau 2009 | No diagnostic data |
| Nau 2009a | No diagnostic data |
| Neveux 1996a | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in population |
| Neveux 1996b | Unable to extract useful data |
| Ng 2004 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Nicolaides 1992 | Study of outcomes of abnormal NT results |
| Nicolaides 2000 | Review article |
| Nicolaides 2004 | Review article |
| Nicolaides 2005a | Unable to obtain translation ‐ appears to be a review article |
| Nicolaides 2005b | Unable to obtain translation ‐ appears to be a review article |
| Nicolaides 2005c | Unable to obtain translation ‐ appears to be a review article |
| Nicolaides 2005d | Unable to obtain translation ‐ appears to be a review article |
| Nicolaides 2005e | Unable to obtain translation ‐ appears to be a review article |
| Nicolaides 2005f | Review article |
| Niemimaa 2001 | No Down's pregnancies in study population |
| Niemimaa 2002 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in population |
| Niemimaa 2003 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in population |
| Noble 1997 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Norgaard 1990 | Less than 80% of gestational ages confirmed by USS |
| Norton 1992 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Novakov‐Mikic 2007 | Out of FT screening time frame |
| O'Brien 1997a | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in population |
| O'Brien 1997b | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in population |
| Odibo 2004 | Gestational age of greater than 14 weeks in USS population |
| Odibo 2007 | ST ultrasound |
| Odibo 2008 | ST ultrasound |
| Odibo 2009 | No results presented |
| Offerdal 2008 | ST ultrasound |
| Ognibene 1999 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Oh 2007 | No diagnostic data |
| Olajide 1989 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Onda 1996 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Onda 1998 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Onda 2000 | Less than 80% follow‐up |
| Orlandi 2002 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in study population |
| Ottavio 1997 | Second trimester USS |
| Ozkaya 2010 | Only healthy pregnancies |
| Paladini 2007 | No diagnostic data |
| Palka 1998 | Twin data used in calculation of the median |
| Palomaki 1989 | Fewer than 80% USS dated |
| Palomaki 1993 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in population |
| Palomaki 1994 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in population |
| Palomaki 1996 | Meta‐analysis |
| Palomaki 2005 | Unable to extract meaningful data |
| Panburana 2001 | Less than 5 Down's syndrome pregnancies in population |
| Pandya 1994 | Study of outcomes of abnormal NT results |
| Pandya 1995b | Review article |
| Papadopoulou 2008 | No diagnostic data |
| Parra‐Cordero 2007 | ST ultrasound |
| Paterlini‐Brechot 2007 | Editorial, no new data |
| Paul 2001 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Peralta 2005 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Perenc 1998 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in study population |
| Perheentupa 2002 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in population |
| Perona 1998 | Smokers versus non smokers |
| Persico 2008 | ST ultrasound |
| Petervari 2000 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Petrocik 1989 | Likely fewer than 80% USS dated |
| Phillips 1992 | Gestational age confirmed by USS in less than 80% of population |
| Phillips 1993 | Gestational age confirmed by USS in less than 80% of population |
| Pihl 2008 | Only 2 cases of Down's syndrome |
| Pinette 2003 | Women screened prior to recruitment |
| Platt 2004 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Podobnik 1995 | Abnormal results only |
| Poon 2009 | No diagnostic data |
| Prefumo 2002 | Comparison of prevalence and prediction |
| Prefumo 2004 | Comparison of a marker in women of different ethnic origins |
| Price 1998 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Páez 2004 | Unable to obtain translation |
| Rembouskos 2004 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Ren 1992 | Review article |
| Renier 1998 | Method of ascertainment of gestational age unclear Twin gestations included in general population |
| Resta 1990 | Second trimester USS |
| Reynders 1997 | Fewer than 5 Down's cases |
| Reynolds 1989 | Explanation of mathematical techniques |
| Reynolds 1999 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Reynolds 2008 | Not full diagnostic data |
| Ribbert 1996 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in study population |
| Rice 2005 | Down's syndrome pregnancies excluded from study |
| Rich 1991 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Roberts 1995 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in study population |
| Robertson 1991 | Editorial |
| Rode 2003 | No Down's pregnancies |
| Ronge 2006 | Editorial ‐ summary of FASTER results |
| Rose 1995 | Review article |
| Ross 1997 | Review article |
| Rotmensch 1996 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Rotmensch 1999 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in study population |
| Rozenberg 2006 | USS greater than 14 weeks' gestation |
| Rudnicka 2002 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in population |
| Ryall 1992 | Unable to determine method of confirmation of gestational age |
| Ryall 2001 | High‐risk results only included (i.e. no screen negative group for comparison) |
| Räty 2000 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in population |
| Räty 2002 | No Down's pregnancies in population |
| Sabriá 2002 | Unable to ascertain how numbers calculated and from which populations |
| Sacchini 2003 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Sahota 2009 | No diagnostic data |
| Sahota 2010 | Included in Sahota 2010 |
| Salazar 2007 | Unable to obtain paper |
| Salazar 2008 | Only 1 case of Down’s syndrome |
| Saller 1997 | Down's syndrome secondary to Robertsonian translocation only. No controls |
| Salomon 2001 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in population |
| Salonen 1997 | Fewer than 80% had gestational age estimated by USS |
| Saltvedt 2005 | Gestation greater than 14 weeks for nuchal scanning |
| Saridogan 1996 | Down's syndrome and Edward's syndrome affected pregnancies only |
| Savoldelli 1993 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Schielen 2009 | Full study information not given |
| Schiott 2006 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Schmidt 2007a | Not specific to Down’s syndrome |
| Schmidt 2007b | No separate Down’s syndrome data |
| Schmidt 2007c | No diagnostic data |
| Schmidt 2008a | Not specific to Down’s syndrome |
| Schmidt 2008b | Not specific to Down’s syndrome |
| Schmidt 2008c | Not specific to Down’s syndrome |
| Schmidt 2010 | No follow‐up data for test negatives |
| Schuchter 1998 | No Down's pregnancies in study population |
| Scott 1995 | Less than 5 Down's syndrome pregnancies in study population |
| Seeds 1990 | Review article |
| Seki 1995 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in study population |
| Shenhav 2003 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies |
| Shintaku 1989 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Shulman 2003 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in population |
| Sieroszewski 2008 | No Down’s syndrome specific information for specificity |
| Simon‐Bouy 1999 | Review article |
| Simpson 1986 | Gestational age confirmed by USS in less than 80% of population |
| Smith 1990 | Analysis of screen positive results |
| Smith 1996 | Review/meta‐analysis |
| Smith 1999 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Smith‐Bindman 2001 | Meta‐analysis of second trimester ultrasound markers |
| Smith‐Bindman 2003 | Population study, not examining DTA |
| Snijders 1995 | Study of prevalence, not screening |
| Snijders 1999 | Study of prevalence, not screening |
| Soergel 2006 | Less than 80% follow‐up |
| Sokol 1998 | Observation of Down's prevalence stratified by age |
| Sonek 2003 | Editorial |
| Sonek 2007 | ST ultrasound |
| Sood 2010 | No diagnostic data |
| Sooklim 2010 | ST ultrasound |
| Spencer 1985 | Fewer than 80% USS dated |
| Spencer 1991a | Likely fewer than 80% USS dated |
| Spencer 1991b | Unable to extract useful data |
| Spencer 1992 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Spencer 1993a | Fewer than 80% USS dated |
| Spencer 1993b | No Down's pregnancies in study population |
| Spencer 1993c | Unable to extract useful data |
| Spencer 1993d | Fewer than 80% of pregnancies had gestational age confirmed by USS |
| Spencer 1993e | Unable to extract useful data |
| Spencer 1995 | No Down's pregnancies in population |
| Spencer 1996 | Fewer than 80% of pregnancies had gestational age confirmed by USS |
| Spencer 1997 | Statistical modelling, aneuploid pregnancies only in study population |
| Spencer 1998a | No Down's pregnancies in population |
| Spencer 1998b | Unable to extract useful data |
| Spencer 1999a | Review |
| Spencer 1999b | Statistical methods paper |
| Spencer 2000a | Examination of median shifts rather than an evaluation of screening |
| Spencer 2000b | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in population |
| Spencer 2000c | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in population |
| Spencer 2000d | No Down's cases |
| Spencer 2000e | Male versus female fetuses |
| Spencer 2000f | No Down's cases in population |
| Spencer 2000g | No Down's pregnancies in population |
| Spencer 2000h | No Down's pregnancies in population |
| Spencer 2000i | Comparsison of fetal sex |
| Spencer 2001a | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in population |
| Spencer 2001b | Unable to extract useful data |
| Spencer 2001c | Unable to extract useful data |
| Spencer 2001d | Unable to extract useful data |
| Spencer 2001e | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in population |
| Spencer 2002a | No Down's pregnancies |
| Spencer 2002b | Risk validation study |
| Spencer 2002c | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in population |
| Spencer 2002d | Demonstration of median changes with time, rather than evaluation of screening |
| Spencer 2003a | No Down's pregnancies in population |
| Spencer 2003b | No Down's pregnancies in population |
| Spencer 2003c | Calculation of weight correction factor |
| Spencer 2003d | Fewer than 5 Down's syndrome pregnancies |
| Spencer 2004 | Calculation of smoking correction factor |
| Spencer 2005a | No Down's pregnancies |
| Spencer 2005b | No Down's pregnancies |
| Spencer 2005c | Comparison of two different assays ‐ not actual screening evaluation |
| Spencer 2008b | Unable to extract appropriate data for unaffected pregnancies |
| Spong 1999 | Comparison of male and female fetuses |
| Staboulidou 2009 | No diagnostic data |
| Stevens 1998 | Literature review |
| Stoll 1992 | Review article |
| Stressig 2011 | ST ultrasound |
| Su 2002 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Suchet 1995 | Review article |
| Suchy 1990 | Unable to ascertain method of confirmation of gestational age |
| Summers 2003a | Only 55% gestational ages estimated by USS |
| Summers 2003b | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in study population |
| Suntharasaj 2005 | Examination of inter‐observer variation in NT scanning |
| Susman 2010 | No diagnostic data |
| Sutton 2004 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Suzuki 1998 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Tabor 1987 | Geststional age not confirmed by USS |
| Tanski 1999 | Information on screen positive pregnancies only |
| Thilaganathan 1998 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in study population |
| Thilaganathan 1999 | Editorial |
| Tislaric 2002 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in population |
| Torok 1997 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Torring 2009 | Not possible to obtain full diagnostic data |
| Trninic‐Pjevic 2007 | Unable to obtain translation |
| Tsai 2001 | Less than 5 Down's syndrome pregnancies in study population |
| Valerio 1996 | Fewer than 80% pregnancies had gestational age estimated by USS |
| Van Blerk 1992 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Van Dyke 2007 | Not possible to obtain full diagnostic data |
| Van Heesch, 2006 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in study population Software comparison study |
| Van Lith 1991 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Van Lith 1993 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Van Lith 1994 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Veress 1986 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Veress 1988 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Vergani 2008 | ST ultrasound |
| Vintzileos 2003 | Second trimester USS |
| Wald 1988a | Less than 80% had gestational age confirmed by ultrasound |
| Wald 1988b | Gestational age not confirmed by USS |
| Wald 1991 | No Down's pregnancies in study |
| Wald 1992a | Less than 80% had gestational age confirmed by ultrasound |
| Wald 1992b | No Down's pregnancies in study |
| Wald 1992c | No Down's pregnancies in study |
| Wald 1993 | No USS dating |
| Wald 1994a | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in population |
| Wald 1994b | Review article |
| Wald 1996a | No Down's pregnancies |
| Wald 1996b | Dated by LMP |
| Wald 1996c | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in population |
| Wald 1996d | Gestational age greater than 24 weeks |
| Wald 1997 | Data modelled on 3 separate populations of women |
| Wald 1998 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Wald 1999a | Unable to extract useful data |
| Wald 1999b | Gestational age not confirmed by USS |
| Wald 1999c | No Down's syndrome pregnancies |
| Wald 1999d | Modelled on several studies, some of which have no USS dating |
| Wald 2003c | No cases |
| Wald 2003d | Less than 80% had gestational age confirmed by USS |
| Wald 2006 | Modelled on SURRUS data |
| Wallace 1994 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Wallace 1997 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in study population |
| Wang 2010 | ST ultrasound |
| Ward 2005 | Review article |
| Watt 1996 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in study population |
| Watt 1996a | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in study population |
| Wax 2007 | No diagnostic data |
| Weinans 2001 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Weinans 2004 | Study of women's views on screening |
| Weisz 2007 | Cohort split into people having different tests and non‐representative samples of women assessed for each test |
| Welborn 1994 | Abnormal results only (cystic hygroma) |
| Wenstrom 1993 | Less than 80% of pregnancies had gestational age confirmed by USS |
| Wenstrom 1995a | Adjustment factors |
| Wenstrom 1995b | Less than 80% of pregnancies had gestational age confirmed by USS |
| Wetta 2011 | No diagnostic data |
| Whitlow 1998a | Unable to extract useful data |
| Whitlow 1998b | Unable to extract useful data |
| Whitlow 1999 | Unable to extract useful data |
| Williamson 1994 | Likely fewer than 80% USS dated |
| Wilson 2000 | Review |
| Wojdemann 2001 | No Down's syndrome pregnancies in study population |
| Wong 2003 | Less than 5 Down's syndrome pregnancies in population |
| Wright 2006 | Mathematical model |
| Wright 2007 | Simulation study, no new data |
| Xie 2010 | Only cases of false negatives and true negatives included |
| Yagel 1998 | Second trimester USS |
| Yamamoto 2001a | Unable to extract useful data |
| Yamamoto 2001b | Method of determination of gestational age unclear |
| Yamamoto 2001c | Unable to extract useful data |
| Yaron 2001 | Male versus female fetuses |
| Ye 1995 | Unable to obtain translation |
| Yoshida 2000 | Fewer than 80% pregnancies had gestational age estimated by USS |
| Zalel 2008 | No diagnostic data |
| Zeitune 1991 | Only aneuploid pregnancies included in study |
| Zelop 2005 | No Down's cases in population |
| Zhang 2011 | No diagnostic data |
| Zhao 1998 | Unable to obtain translation |
| Zhong 2011 | Second trimester ultrasound |
| Zoppi 2003 | Inappropriate study design |
CVS: CVS: chorionic villus sampling FISH: Fluorescence in situ hybridisation FPR: false positive rate LMP: last menstrual period NT: nuchal transparency SURUSS: Serum, Urine and Ultrasound Screening Study USS: ultrasound screening