Summary of findings 5. HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE compared to BENZODIAZEPINES ‐ LORAZEPAM for psychosis‐induced aggression.
| HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE compared to BENZODIAZEPINES ‐ LORAZEPAM for psychosis‐induced aggression | ||||||
| Patient or population: people with psychosis‐induced aggression Settings: Intervention: HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE Comparison: BENZODIAZEPINES ‐ LORAZEPAM | ||||||
| Outcomes | Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI) | Relative effect (95% CI) | No of Participants (studies) | Quality of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments | |
| Assumed risk | Corresponding risk | |||||
| BENZODIAZEPINES ‐ LORAZEPAM | HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE | |||||
| Tranquil or asleep: Not tranquil or asleep ‐ by 30 mins Follow‐up: to 30 minutes | Moderate | RR 0.26 (0.1 to 0.68) | 200 (1 study) | ⊕⊕⊕⊕ high | ||
| 200 per 10001 | 52 per 1000 (20 to 136) | |||||
| Global state: Needing restraints or seclusion ‐ by 12 hours | Moderate | RR 0.82 (0.35 to 1.89) | 200 (1 study) | ⊕⊕⊕⊝ moderate2 | ||
| 150 per 10001 | 123 per 1000 (52 to 283) | |||||
| Adverse effects: Specific and serious adverse effect ‐ by 24 hours Central nervous system ‐ excessive sedation | See comment | Not estimable | 0 (0) | See comment | No study reported for this outcome | |
| Adverse effect: Specific ‐ Death | See comment | Not estimable | 0 (0) | See comment | No study reported for this outcome | |
| Service outcomes: Not discharged ‐ by 4 hours | Moderate | RR 1.13 (0.85 to 1.5) | 200 (1 study) | ⊕⊕⊕⊕ high | ||
| 500 per 10001 | 565 per 1000 (425 to 750) | |||||
| Specific behaviours: Average aggression score | See comment | See comment | Not estimable | 0 (0) | See comment | No study reported for this outcome |
| Economics: Costs of care | See comment | See comment | Not estimable | 0 (0) | See comment | No study reported for this outcome |
| *The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). CI: Confidence interval; RR: Risk ratio | ||||||
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect. Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate. Low quality: Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate. Very low quality: We are very uncertain about the estimate. | ||||||
1Moderate control risk approximates to that of the included trial. 2Indirectness: rated 'serious' ‐ pre‐stated outcome was 'another episode of aggression' ‐ proxy outcome used. 3Imprecision: rated 'serious' ‐ confidence interval is wide.