Comparison 4. HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE vs ANTIPSYCHOTIC + BENZODIAZEPINE (HALOPERIDOL + MIDAZOLAM).

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Tranquil or asleep: 1. Average sedation score (RSS, high score=good)	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
1.1 by 1 hour	1	60	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.60 [‐1.13, ‐0.07]
1.2 by 2 hours	1	60	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [‐0.46, 0.46]
1.3 by 4 hours	1	60	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [‐0.51, 0.51]
1.4 by 6 hours	1	60	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.10 [‐0.18, 0.38]
1.5 by 12 hours	1	60	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.10 [‐0.24, 0.44]
2 Tranquil or asleep: 2. Effect of tranquilisation (PANSS‐EC, high score=bad) (skewed data)			Other data	No numeric data
2.1 at 30 minutes			Other data	No numeric data
2.2 at 60 minutes			Other data	No numeric data
2.3 at 90 minutes			Other data	No numeric data
3 Tranquil or asleep: 3. Level of tranquilisation / agitation (ACES) (skewed data)			Other data	No numeric data
3.1 at 30 minutes			Other data	No numeric data
3.2 at 90 minutes			Other data	No numeric data
4 Global state: 1. Needing restraints or seclusion	1	60	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.24 [0.10, 0.55]
5 Global state: 2. Additional tranquilising drugs	1	57	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.04 [0.34, 3.19]
6 Global state: 3. Average value of additional medication ‐ after initial dose (skewed data)			Other data	No numeric data
7 Adverse effects: 1. Specific ‐ a. Cardiovascular ‐ hypotension	2	117	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.51 [0.16, 1.58]
8 Adverse effects: 1. Specific ‐ b. Central Nervous System ‐ excessive sedation	2	117	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.12 [0.03, 0.49]
9 Adverse effects: 1. Specific ‐ c. Extrapyramidal problems ‐ 0‐4 hours	2	117	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.84 [1.12, 3.02]
10 Specific behaviour: 1. Average aggression score (OAS, high score=bad)	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
10.1 by 1 hour	1	60	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	3.30 [1.35, 5.25]
10.2 by 2 hours	1	60	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐1.70 [‐3.46, 0.06]
10.3 by 4 hours	1	60	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.70 [‐1.27, ‐0.13]
10.4 by 6 hours	1	60	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.70 [‐0.89, ‐0.51]
10.5 by 12 hours	1	60	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐3.7 [‐4.39, ‐3.01]
11 Specific behaviour: 2. Average agitation score (OASS, high score=bad)	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
11.1 by 1 hour	1	60	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	16.00 [13.02, 18.98]
11.2 by 2 hours	1	60	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.70 [1.67, 3.73]
11.3 by 4 hours	1	60	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐1.70 [‐2.79, ‐0.61]
11.4 by 6 hours	1	60	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐1.10 [‐2.08, ‐0.12]
11.5 by 12 hours	1	60	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐10.40 [‐11.47, ‐9.33]
12 Specific behaviour: 3. Severe agitation	1	57	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.55 [0.28, 8.61]
13 Leaving the study early	2	117	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.26 [0.03, 2.18]
13.1 by 24 hours	2	117	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.26 [0.03, 2.18]