Comparison 5. HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE vs BENZODIAZEPINES ‐ LORAZEPAM.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Tranquil or asleep: 1. Not tranquil or asleep	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
1.1 by 30 minutes	1	200	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.26 [0.10, 0.68]
1.2 by 1 hour	1	200	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.2 [0.04, 0.89]
1.3 by 2 hours	1	200	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.25 [0.07, 0.86]
1.4 by 4 hours	1	200	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.0 [0.26, 3.89]
2 Tranquil or asleep: 2. Not asleep	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
2.1 by 30 minutes	1	200	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.40 [0.29, 0.54]
2.2 by 1 hour	1	200	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.49 [0.36, 0.66]
2.3 by 2 hours	1	200	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.51 [0.36, 0.71]
2.4 by 4 hours	1	200	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.44 [0.30, 0.65]
3 Tranquil or asleep: 3. Time (skewed data)			Other data	No numeric data
3.1 time until tranquil or asleep			Other data	No numeric data
3.2 time until asleep			Other data	No numeric data
4 Global state: 1. No overall improvement	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
4.1 by 30 minutes	1	200	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.40 [0.25, 0.66]
4.2 by 1 hour	1	200	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.5 [0.32, 0.79]
4.3 by 2 hours	1	200	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.46 [0.25, 0.86]
4.4 by 4 hours	1	200	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.93 [0.46, 1.87]
5 Global state: 2. Needing restraints or seclusion	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
5.1 by 30 minutes	1	200	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.55 [0.28, 1.09]
5.2 by 1 hour	1	200	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.56 [0.27, 1.14]
5.3 by 2 hours	1	200	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.77 [0.35, 1.67]
5.4 by 4 hours	1	200	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.82 [0.35, 1.89]
6 Global state: 3. Additional tranquillising drugs	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
6.1 by 30 minutes	1	200	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.33 [0.01, 8.09]
6.2 by 1 hour	1	200	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.33 [0.04, 3.15]
6.3 by 2 hours	1	200	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.75 [0.17, 3.27]
6.4 by 4 hours	1	200	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.89 [0.36, 2.21]
7 Global state: 4. Various measures	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
7.1 doctor called to see patient ‐ by 4 hours	1	200	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.72 [0.37, 1.39]
7.2 refusing oral medication ‐ by 2 weeks	1	200	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.63 [0.70, 3.75]
8 Global state: 5. Average improvement (CGI, high score=bad) )	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
8.1 by 30 minutes	1	200	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.60 [‐0.86, ‐0.34]
8.2 by 1 hour	1	200	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.33 [‐0.54, ‐0.12]
8.3 by 2 hours	1	200	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.23 [‐0.51, 0.05]
8.4 by 4 hours	1	200	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.09 [‐0.32, 0.14]
9 Adverse effects: 1. General ‐ serious adverse effect	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
9.1 by 30 minutes	1	200	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.33 [0.01, 8.09]
9.2 by 1 hour	1	200	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
9.3 by 2 hours	1	200	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
9.4 by 4 hours	1	200	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
10 Adverse effects: 2. Specific ‐ Extrapyramidal problems ‐ 0‐4 hours	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
10.1 akathisia (Barnes Akathisia Scale)	1	200	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
10.2 any change in scale‐rated extrapyramidal problems (Simpson & Angus Scale)	1	200	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
11 Service outcomes: Not discharged	1	200	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.13 [0.85, 1.50]
11.1 by 4 hours	1	200	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.13 [0.85, 1.50]
12 Leaving the study early	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
12.1 by 4 hours	1	200	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	3.0 [0.12, 72.77]
12.2 by 2 weeks	1	200	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.25 [0.51, 3.04]