Aikata 2006.

Study characteristics
Methods	Randomised clinical trial
Participants	Country: Japan Number randomised: 44 Postrandomisation dropouts: not stated Revised sample size: 44 Average age: not stated Females: not stated Cirrhosis: not stated Very early HCC: not stated Portal hypertension: not stated Viral aetiology: not stated Immunotherapy/antiviral adjuvant therapy: not stated Average follow‐up period in months (for all groups): not stated Criteria for early or very early HCC and other inclusion criteria: < 3 cm solitary hypervascular nodules
Interventions	Participants were randomly assigned to 2 groups: Group 1: TACE plus radiofrequency ablation (n = 21). Further details: cisplatinum TACE, internally cooled electrode (brand not stated) for radiofrequency ablation. Group 2: Radiofrequency ablation (n = 23). Further details: internally cooled electrode (brand not stated).
Outcomes	The outcomes reported were: mortality, adverse events.
Notes	Reasons for postrandomisation dropouts: not stated
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Comment: this information was not available.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Comment: this information was not available.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Comment: this information was not available.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Comment: this information was not available.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Comment: this information was not available.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Comment: important clinical outcomes were reported.
For‐profit bias	Unclear risk	Comment: this information was not available.
Other bias	Low risk	Comment: no other bias noted.