Eka Pratiwi 2009.

Methods	Randomized controlled trial conducted in Bali, Indonesia
Participants	Number of infants: 93 Inclusion criteria: infants with birthweight between 1500 and 2250 g, with Apgar score > 6 at 5 minutes, and mother willing to follow study instructions Exclusion criteria: infants with major congenital malformations, cardiopulmonary problems, critical illness (sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, intracranial bleeding); twin gestation or complicated pregnancy and/or labor; mothers with history of drug abuse, psychiatric disorders, or cesarean section, or unable to take care of themselves or their babies Infant stabilization status at trial entry: stabilized Infant age and weight at trial entry: Mean birthweight at recruitment was 2034 ± 159 and 1988 ± 176 g for KMC and control infants, respectively. No data on infant age at recruitment. However, researchers mentioned that KMC was started "in the first day or in several hours after birth"
Interventions	KMC group: Infants were kept in close SSC with the mother whilst in vertical position. Specially tailored kangaroo suits were used by mother‐infant pairs to enable SSC. Mean duration of KMC was 10.0 ± 1.8 hours per day (range, 5.3 to 13.5 hours) (n = 48) Control group: Infants were kept in incubators or open cribs in warm rooms (n = 45) Level of care: NICU of a public hospital Human resources: doctors and nurses Criteria for infant discharge from the hospital: unreported Scheme for follow‐up of infants after discharge: unreported
Outcomes	Hypothermia, birthweight regain, sepsis, mortality
Notes	37% of LBW infants met eligibility criteria
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Random number table
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No information provided
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Blinding of participants: no/unfeasible; blinding of clinical staff: no/unfeasible
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Unblinded assessors
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	One infant (1%) lost to follow‐up; 4 (4.1%) excluded after randomization owing to sepsis
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All outcomes stated in Methods section adequately reported or explained in Results
Other bias	High risk	Use of block randomization (block size of 6), which could make possible prediction of future assignments in an unblinded trial when assignments are revealed subsequent to recruitment of the person into the trial