Holditch‐Davis 2014.

Methods	Randomized controlled trial carried out in North Carolina and Illinois, United States
Participants	Number of infants: 162 Inclusion criteria: non‐critically ill preterm infants with birthweight < 1750 g Exclusion criteria: infants with congenital neurological problems (eg, congenital hydrocephalus, Down syndrome), mothers who had symptoms of substance exposure or who did not have custody of the infant or who had a risk factor that could affect their ability to administer the intervention (eg, age < 15 years; history of psychosis or bipolar disease; current diagnosis of major depression; non‐English speaking); follow‐up for 12 months unlikely Infant stabilization status at trial entry: stabilized
Interventions	KMC group: Infants were kept in SSC in an upright position between the mother's breasts, dressed with a diaper and a hat. Mothers were instructed to perform the intervention at least once a day, 3 times a week, and for ≥ 15 minutes during infant hospitalization, and to continue at home until the infant was 2 months' corrected age (n = 81) Control group: Mothers spent a similar amount of time each week as KMC mothers with the study nurse, discussing how to select and locate safe equipment needed to care for preterm infants at home, for example, clothes, diapers, formula, and toys. Holding was not part of the control group intervention (n = 81) Level of care: initially at the NICU, then at home Human resources: nurses
Outcomes	Mother‐infant relationship, maternal psychological distress, social and home environment, mother's satisfaction
Notes	This study examined effects of KMC vs massage with auditory, tactile, visual, and vestibular (ATVV) stimulation vs an attention control group. If included in the review, we would exclude results of the ATVV intervention group

KMC = kangaroo mother care
 LBW = low birthweight
 SSC = skin‐to‐skin contact
 SGA = small for gestational age