Shen 2012.

Methods	Randomized, single‐blind study. Randomized using a computerized randomization process. All participants were blinded to the allocation. Unilateral hernia. Country: China. Setting: Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery department of Beijing Chao‐Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University. Enrolment dates: between January 2010 and April 2010.
Participants	Inclusion criteria: (1) clinical diagnosis of primary unilateral inguinal hernia; (2) age > 18 years; and (3) no significant cardiopulmonary, hepatic, or renal impairment, and no contraindications for surgery. Exclusion criteria: (1) bilateral inguinal hernia, recurrent hernia, and incarcerated hernia; (2) allergy to multiple classes of drugs, recent allergic disease, or use of drugs that are known harmful to vital organs during the 4 weeks before surgery; (3) participation in other clinical studies in the 3 months before surgery; (4) atopic allergy history; (5) mental illness history; (6) disease that may significantly increase IAP (Intra‐abdominal pressure) and cannot be effectively controlled, such as severe ascites, severe asthma caused by bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, or urine retention caused by significant benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH); and (7) infection located at the surgical site or bacteremia. Body mass index: 25 ± 2 Glue group: 55 participants 63 ± 10 years old 81.8% Male Cerebral or cardiovascular disease: 18.2% Diabetes: 16.4% Other diseases related to increased IAP: 36.4% 85.5% indirect 14.5% direct Right:left: not reported Size: 2 cm ± 1 cm Suture group: 55 participants 60 ± 12 years old 85.5% Male Cerebral or cardiovascular disease: 14.5% Diabetes: 21.8% Other diseases related to increased IAP: 32.7% 89.1% indirect 10.9% direct Right:left: not reported Size: 3 cm ± 1cm
Interventions	Lichtenstein inguinal hernioplasty with lightweight polypropylene mesh (ProLite‐Ultra Mesh Sheets, 7.5 cm × 15 cm, weight 52 gr/m², lightweight; Atrium Medical Co., Hudson, NH). Glue group: n‐butyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate (NBCA) medical adhesive gel (Compont Medical Adhesive, 0.5 mL/tube; Beijing Compont Medical Devices Co., Ltd., Beijing, China) Suture group: 2‐0 Prolene suture (Ethicon; Johnson & Johnson, New Brunswick, NJ)
Outcomes	chronic pain, hernia recurrence, haematoma, operative duration, length of stay, wound infection.
Notes	Handling of nerves: The major nerves dominating the inguinal area, such as the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerve, were identified and selectively anesthetized and protected. Length of follow‐up: mean of 13 ± 1 months. Time points of the analysis: 3 months for chronic pain and the last day of follow‐up for recurrence. Intention‐to‐treat analysis: yes. The number of participants randomized: 55 in Glue group; 55 in Suture group The number of patients evaluated: 55 in Glue group; 55 in Suture group Information from publication only. No details of funding sources and any declarations of interest provided.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Randomized using a computerized randomization process.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not clear.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	All participants were blinded to the allocation.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Single‐blind study.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	No participants were lost to follow‐up.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	It is clear that the published reports include all expected outcomes.
Other bias	Unclear risk	Not clear. Without details of funding sources and any declarations of interest.