Adachi 1997.

Methods	STUDY DESIGN: ITS Risk of Bias: MEDIUM
Participants	PROVIDERS: all physicians in the hospital PARTICIPANTS: all patients in the hospital CLINICAL PROBLEM: patients requiring antibiotic treatment SETTING: single hospital in the USA
Interventions	FORMAT, Interventions: dissemination of educational materials; educational outreach by review and recommend change; reminders (physical ‐ newsletter) Intervention Functions: education, enablement, environmental restructuring, persuasion DELIVERER: pharmacist COMPARISON: usual care DESIRED CHANGE: decrease excessive
Outcomes	PRESCRIBING: Choice: reduce vancomycin prescribing and increase appropriate use of vancomycin COST: valid financial savings
Notes	FINANCIAL SUPPORT: no information provided ADDITIONAL DATA: no response from authors to request for additional data
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Intervention independent (ITS) ?	Low risk	> 1 year data pre‐ and postintervention
Analysed appropriately (ITS) ?	Low risk	Re‐analysed. Not done in original paper (comparison of means, uncontrolled before and after).
Shape of effect pre‐specified (ITS) ?	Low risk	Done, intended effect was decrease in primary outcome, and point of analysis was point of intervention.
Unlikely to affect data collection (ITS) ?	Low risk	Done, data were from routine systems and unlikely to change over study period.
Knowledge of the allocation adequately prevented(ITS)?	Low risk	Done, data were from routine systems and unlikely to change over study period.
Incomplete outcome data addressed (ITS) ?	Low risk	Done, data were from routine systems and unlikely to change over study period.
Free of selected reporting (ITS) ?	Low risk	Done, data were from routine systems and unlikely to change over study period.
Free of other bias (ITS) ?	Unclear risk	Not clear, no information about changes in price of vancomycin over the study period.