Dull 2008.

Methods	STUDY DESIGN: ITS Risk of Bias: MEDIUM
Participants	PROVIDERS: all physicians, pharmacists, and nurses in surgical department PARTICIPANTS: all patients undergoing elective surgery CLINICAL PROBLEM: choice, timing, and duration of antibiotic prophylaxis SETTING: 7 hospitals in the USA
Interventions	FORMAT: Interventions: audit and feedback; educational meetings with dissemination of educational materials; educational outreach by academic detailing; reminders (physical, posters, intranet, and faxes to physicians) Intervention Functions: education, enablement, environmental restructuring, persuasion DELIVERER: AMT COMPARISON: usual care DESIRED CHANGE: decrease excessive
Outcomes	PRESCRIBING: Exposure: % participants with prophylaxis discontinued within 24 h of surgery
Notes	FINANCIAL SUPPORT: no information provided ADDITIONAL DATA: no response from authors to request for additional data
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Intervention independent (ITS) ?	Low risk
Analysed appropriately (ITS) ?	Low risk	Re‐analysed
Shape of effect pre‐specified (ITS) ?	Low risk	Point of intervention was point of analysis.
Unlikely to affect data collection (ITS) ?	Low risk	Electronic outcome data
Knowledge of the allocation adequately prevented(ITS)?	Low risk	Electronic outcome data
Incomplete outcome data addressed (ITS) ?	Low risk	Electronic outcome data
Free of selected reporting (ITS) ?	Low risk	Electronic outcome data
Free of other bias (ITS) ?	High risk	10 months' pre‐ and 12 months' postintervention data