Hadi 2008.

Methods	STUDY DESIGN: ITS Risk of Bias: MEDIUM
Participants	PROVIDERS: residents in internal medicine department PARTICIPANTS: patients with clinical problem CLINICAL PROBLEM: antibiotics use in patients with a fever SETTING: 5 wards in internal medicine department of teaching hospital in Indonesia
Interventions	FORMAT: Interventions: educational meetings with dissemination of guidelines; educational outreach by academic detailing; reminders (physical, pocket book version of guideline) Intervention Functions: education, environmental restructuring, persuasion DELIVERER: AMT COMPARISON: usual care DESIRED CHANGE: reduce inappropriate
Outcomes	PRESCRIBING: Exposure: % patients treated and total antibiotic consumption (DDD/100 patient days)
Notes	FINANCIAL SUPPORT: Funding: Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Scientific Programme Indonesia‐Netherlands (SPIN). Competing Interests: no information ADDITIONAL DATA: no response from authors to request for additional data
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Intervention independent (ITS) ?	High risk	No, seasonal variation
Analysed appropriately (ITS) ?	Low risk	Re‐analysed
Shape of effect pre‐specified (ITS) ?	Low risk	Done, point of analysis is point of intervention.
Unlikely to affect data collection (ITS) ?	Low risk	Done, data was collected by trained data collectors.
Knowledge of the allocation adequately prevented(ITS)?	High risk	No, blinding was not possible.
Incomplete outcome data addressed (ITS) ?	Low risk	Done, states they assured completeness of data by collecting while patients were still in the department.
Free of selected reporting (ITS) ?	Low risk	Done, Figure 2
Free of other bias (ITS) ?	Low risk	Done, all biases addressed.