Lee 1995.

Methods	STUDY DESIGN: ITS Risk of Bias: MEDIUM
Participants	PROVIDERS: physicians PATIENTS: a total of 480 patients reviewed during study period CLINICAL PROBLEM: patients receiving ceftriaxone SETTING: a hospital in the USA
Interventions	FORMAT: Interventions: educational meetings with dissemination of guidelines; reminders (circumstantial and physical, letters sent to physicians when intervention needed plus posters) Intervention Functions: education, enablement, environmental restructuring, persuasion DELIVERER: AMT COMPARISON: usual care DESIRED CHANGE: decrease excessive
Outcomes	PRESCRIBING: Choice: grams of ceftriaxone and cefotaxime FINANCIAL: cost of intervention (0.5 FTE ID physician and savings on drug costs)
Notes	FINANCIAL SUPPORT: no information ADDITIONAL DATA: no response from authors to request for additional data
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Intervention independent (ITS) ?	Low risk
Analysed appropriately (ITS) ?	Low risk	Re‐analysed
Shape of effect pre‐specified (ITS) ?	Low risk	Point of intervention was point of analysis.
Unlikely to affect data collection (ITS) ?	Low risk	Data from pharmacy computer
Knowledge of the allocation adequately prevented(ITS)?	Low risk	Data from pharmacy computer
Incomplete outcome data addressed (ITS) ?	Low risk	Data from pharmacy computer
Free of selected reporting (ITS) ?	Low risk	Data from pharmacy computer
Free of other bias (ITS) ?	High risk	> 1 year data pre‐ and postintervention, but only 4 postintervention time points (quarterly data)