Lee 2014.

Methods	STUDY DESIGN: ITS Risk of Bias: LOW
Participants	PROVIDERS: all physicians in the units PARTICIPANTS: all patients in the units CLINICAL PROBLEM: requiring therapeutic antibiotics SETTING: internal medicine (2 units) at 1 university hospital in Canada
Interventions	FORMAT: Interventions: audit and feedback; educational meetings (monthly with residents) with dissemination of educational materials Intervention Functions: education, enablement, persuasion DELIVERER: AMT COMPARISON: usual care DESIRED CHANGE: decrease excessive
Outcomes	PRESCRIBING: Choice: DDD/1000 OBD of target antibiotics FINANCIAL: intervention cost and savings (cost of all antibiotics)
Notes	FINANCIAL SUPPORT: Funding: none. Competing Interests: none declared ADDITIONAL DATA: authors provided additional data about the intervention and for the meta‐regression
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Intervention independent (ITS) ?	Low risk
Analysed appropriately (ITS) ?	Low risk	Segmented regression analysis
Shape of effect pre‐specified (ITS) ?	Low risk	Point of intervention was point of analysis.
Unlikely to affect data collection (ITS) ?	Low risk	Outcomes were measured from electronic pharmacy data.
Knowledge of the allocation adequately prevented(ITS)?	Low risk	Outcomes were measured from electronic pharmacy data.
Incomplete outcome data addressed (ITS) ?	Low risk	Outcomes were measured from electronic pharmacy data.
Free of selected reporting (ITS) ?	Low risk	Outcomes were measured from electronic pharmacy data.
Free of other bias (ITS) ?	Low risk	> 12 months' data pre‐ and postintervention