Liebowitz 2008.

Methods	STUDY DESIGN: ITS Risk of Bias: LOW
Participants	PROVIDERS: all physicians in the hospital PARTICIPANTS: all patients in the hospital CLINICAL PROBLEM: incidences of MRSA SETTING: 1 general hospital in the UK
Interventions	FORMAT: Intervention: educational meetings with dissemination of guideline; reminders, verbal on rounds Intervention Function: education, persuasion DELIVERER: AMT COMPARISON: usual care DESIRED CHANGE: reduce inappropriate
Outcomes	PRESCRIBING: Choice: DDDs per 1000 OBD each month MICROBIAL: Episodes of MRSA blood isolates per 1000 OBD each month
Notes	FINANCIAL SUPPORT: Funding: unrestricted educational grant from Wyeth. Competing Interests: LDL received honoraria for lectures from Bayer and Bard. ADDITIONAL DATA: no response from authors to request for additional data Microbial ROB HIGH; case definition Low, planned intervention Low, other infection control High, no information about infection control other than screening for MRSA
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Intervention independent (ITS) ?	Low risk	18 months' pre‐ and 15 months' postintervention data
Analysed appropriately (ITS) ?	Low risk	Segmented regresssion analysis
Shape of effect pre‐specified (ITS) ?	Low risk	Point of analysis is point of intervention.
Unlikely to affect data collection (ITS) ?	Low risk	Pharmacy data used pre‐ and postintervention.
Knowledge of the allocation adequately prevented(ITS)?	Low risk	Pharmacy data used pre‐ and postintervention.
Incomplete outcome data addressed (ITS) ?	Low risk	Pharmacy data used pre‐ and postintervention.
Free of selected reporting (ITS) ?	Low risk	Pharmacy data used pre‐ and postintervention.
Free of other bias (ITS) ?	Low risk	> 1 year data pre‐ and postintervention