Marwick 2013.

Methods	STUDY DESIGN: ITS Risk of Bias: MEDIUM
Participants	PROVIDERS: all physicians in medical and surgical wards PARTICIPANTS: all patients in medical and surgical wards CLINICAL PROBLEM: suspected sepsis (systemic inflammatory response and clinical suspicion of infection) SETTING: 1 university hospital in Scotland
Interventions	FORMAT: Interventions: audit and feedback; educational meetings with dissemination of guidelines; reminders (physical, posters in the wards and monthly email to doctors) Intervention Functions: education, enablement, environmental restructuring, persuasion DELIVERER: AMT COMPARISON: usual care DESIRED CHANGE: increase effective
Outcomes	PRESCRIBING: Choice: time to first antibiotic dose
Notes	FINANCIAL SUPPORT: Funding: Scottish Government Chief Scientist Office (CSO) Clinical Academic Training Fellowship (CAF/07/06). Competing Interests: salary costs for 2 investigators from CSO, no others declared ADDITIONAL DATA: email response from authors to request for additional data with additional detail from a PhD thesis
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Intervention independent (ITS) ?	High risk	There was a national intervention (Scottish Patient Safety Program) that included reducing time to rescue of deteriorating patients throughout the pre‐ and postintervention phases.
Analysed appropriately (ITS) ?	Low risk	Segmented regression analysis
Shape of effect pre‐specified (ITS) ?	Low risk	Point of intervention was point of analysis.
Unlikely to affect data collection (ITS) ?	Low risk	Objective primary outcome measure (time to first antibiotic dose) collected by single person (CM).
Knowledge of the allocation adequately prevented(ITS)?	Low risk	Objective primary outcome measure (time to first antibiotic dose) collected by single person (CM).
Incomplete outcome data addressed (ITS) ?	Low risk	Outcome data collected on all participants.
Free of selected reporting (ITS) ?	Low risk	Outcome data collected on all participants.
Free of other bias (ITS) ?	Low risk	Data collected over winter months in pre‐ and postintervention period.