Patel 1989.

Methods	STUDY DESIGN: ITS Risk of Bias: MEDIUM
Participants	PROVIDERS: all physicians in the hospital PARTICIPANTS: all patients in the hospital CLINICAL PROBLEM: patients requiring antibiotic treatment SETTING: single hospital in the UK
Interventions	FORMAT: Interventions: educational meetings with dissemination of guidelines; educational outreach by review and recommend change; reminders (physical and verbal, posters and intervention promoted at weekly ward meetings) Intervention Functions: education, enablement, environmental restructuring, persuasion DELIVERER: pharmacist COMPARISON: usual care DESIRED CHANGE: decrease excessive
Outcomes	PRESCRIBING: Choice: expenditure on oral co‐amoxiclav
Notes	FINANCIAL SUPPORT: no information ADDITIONAL DATA: no response from authors to request for additional data
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Intervention independent (ITS) ?	High risk	Only 5 months' pre‐intervention data, so secular changes possible.
Analysed appropriately (ITS) ?	Low risk	Re‐analysed. Not done in original paper: comparison of means (uncontrolled before‐after).
Shape of effect pre‐specified (ITS) ?	Low risk	Done, intended effect was decrease in primary outcome, and point of analysis was point of intervention.
Unlikely to affect data collection (ITS) ?	Low risk	Done, data were from routine systems and unlikely to change over study period.
Knowledge of the allocation adequately prevented(ITS)?	Low risk	Done, data were from routine systems and unlikely to change over study period.
Incomplete outcome data addressed (ITS) ?	Low risk	Done, data were from routine systems and unlikely to change over study period.
Free of selected reporting (ITS) ?	Low risk	Done, data were from routine systems and unlikely to change over study period.
Free of other bias (ITS) ?	Low risk	No other apparent biases found.