Poehling 2006.

Methods	STUDY DESIGN: RCT Risk of Bias: HIGH
Participants	PROVIDERS: doctors in the ED PARTICIPANTS: children with influenza‐like illness CLINICAL PROBLEM: decrease antibiotic prescribing for influenza SETTING: 1 university hospital in the USA
Interventions	FORMAT: Interventions: structural, rapid influenza testing Intervention Functions: environmental restructuring DELIVERER: specialist physicians, Department of Pediatrics COMPARISON: usual care DESIRED CHANGE: decrease excessive
Outcomes	PRESCRIBING: Exposure: % children treated
Notes	FINANCIAL SUPPORT: Funding: New Vaccine Surveillance Network and Robert Wood Johnson Generalist Physicians Faculty Scholars Program. Competing Interests: none declared
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Random number generator
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Does not say, but possibly not due to nature of study
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No information
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	From records, outcomes on all included children
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	From records, outcomes on all included children
Other bias	Low risk
Baseline Outcomes similar?	Unclear risk	No baseline outcomes taken.
Free of contamination?	Low risk	Influenza testing only on children in intervention group
Baseline characteristics similar?	Low risk	Table 1