Popovski 2015.

Methods	STUDY DESIGN: ITS Risk of Bias: LOW
Participants	PROVIDERS: all physicians in the hospital PARTICIPANTS: all patients with intra‐abdominal infections CLINICAL PROBLEM: decrease use of ciprofloxacin for empirical treatment SETTING: 1 university hospital in Canada
Interventions	FORMAT: Interventions: educational meetings with dissemination of guidelines; reminders (physical, posters, and on intranet) Intervention Functions: education, environmental restructuring DELIVERER: AMT COMPARISON: usual care DESIRED CHANGE: decrease excessive
Outcomes	PRESCRIBING: Choice: use of ciprofloxacin in DDD/1000 OBD CLINICAL: mortality, re‐admission (cohort data)
Notes	FINANCIAL SUPPORT: Funding: commercial Merck, Pfizer, Astellas, and the Medbuy Corporation. Hamilton Health Sciences Foundation (Jack Hirsh Fellowship). Competing Interests: 1 author received honoraria from Merck and Astellas for lectures. All other authors: none to declare ADDITIONAL DATA: email response from authors with guideline and additional data about the intervention
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Intervention independent (ITS) ?	Low risk
Analysed appropriately (ITS) ?	Low risk	Re‐analysed
Shape of effect pre‐specified (ITS) ?	Low risk	Point of intervention was point of analysis.
Unlikely to affect data collection (ITS) ?	Low risk	Outcome data from pharmacy computer
Knowledge of the allocation adequately prevented(ITS)?	Low risk	Outcome data from pharmacy computer
Incomplete outcome data addressed (ITS) ?	Low risk	Outcome data from pharmacy computer
Free of selected reporting (ITS) ?	Low risk	Outcome data from pharmacy computer
Free of other bias (ITS) ?	Low risk	> 1 year data pre‐ and postintervention