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| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pain | 1 | 110 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐5.0 [‐17.34, 7.34] |
| 2 Successful cannulation first attempt | 1 | 39 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.21 [0.82, 1.81] |
| 3 Adverse effects | 3 | 181 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 2.0 [0.64, 6.26] |
