Cereghino 1974

Methods	Randomised, double‐blind cross‐over trial with three 21‐day treatment periods and 2‐week washout period (regular medications used) conducted in a single centre in Newcastle, Indiana, United States Three treatment arms: carbamazepine, phenytoin and phenobarbitone Dates conducted: Not stated
Participants	Institutionalised adults with uncontrolled seizures on current medication Number randomised: PHT = 45, CBZ = 45 41 participants (91%) with partial epilepsy. 28 (62%) men. Age range: 18 to 51 years Study duration 13 weeks (3 x 21‐day treatment periods plus 2 x 2‐week washout periods)
Interventions	Monotherapy with PHT or CBZ Daily dose: PHT = 300 mg/day, or CBZ = 1200 mg/day
Outcomes	Behaviour outcomes Adverse effects Seizure frequency Time to treatment withdrawal due to poor seizure control
Notes	Outcomes chosen for this review were not reported due to cross‐over design Funding: Supported in part by an NIH research contract Conflicts of interest: None stated
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Randomisation of groups from random number tables (confirmed by author)
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No information provided
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No information provided
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No information provided
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Withdrawal rates reported, no further information provided
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All efficacy and tolerability outcomes specified in the Methods sections reported well in the Results section. No protocol available, outcomes for this review not available due to trial cross‐over design
Other bias	High risk	Cross‐over design may not be appropriate for monotherapy designs, likely carry‐over effects from 1 period to another, so the comparison may not be entirely monotherapy