Comparison 3. Intensive Pinard versus routine Pinard.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Apgar < 7 at 5 minutes after birth	1	625	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.90 [0.35, 2.31]
2 Caesarean section for fetal distress	1	625	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.70 [0.35, 1.38]
3 Perintal mortality	1	625	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.56 [0.19, 1.67]
4 Fetal heart rate abnormality detected	1	625	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.71 [1.10, 2.65]
5 Early and late fetal heart rate decelerations detected	1	625	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.33 [0.79, 2.23]
6 Admission to NICU/NNU	1	625	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.84 [0.59, 1.19]
7 Seizures in the neonatal period	1	625	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.68 [0.24, 1.88]
8 Hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy	1	625	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.71 [0.27, 1.84]
9 Caesarean section	1	625	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.71 [0.46, 1.08]
10 Instrumental vaginal birth	1	625	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.21 [0.69, 2.11]
11 Length of labour (hours)	1	625	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.5 [‐0.52, 1.52]