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. 2017 Mar 10;2017(3):CD000376. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000376.pub4

Comparison 1. LCPUFA supplemented vs control formula.

Outcome or subgroup title No. of studies No. of participants Statistical method Effect size
1 VEP acuity at 4 m (logMAR, steady state) 2   Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
1.1 DHA and AA vs normal term formula 1 30 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.01 [‐0.07, 0.09]
1.2 DHA vs normal term formula 2 60 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.03 [‐0.10, 0.03]
2 Sweep VEP acuity at 4 m (logMAR) 3   Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
2.1 DHA and AA vs normal term formula 3 266 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.08 [‐0.10, ‐0.05]
2.2 DHA vs normal term formula 1 41 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.08 [‐0.15, ‐0.01]
3 Sweep VEP acuity at 4 m (cycles/degree) 1 54 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.47 [‐1.16, 0.22]
3.1 DHA and AA vs normal term formula 1 54 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.47 [‐1.16, 0.22]
4 Visual acuity/Teller cards at 4 m (cycles/degree) 3 264 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.11 [‐0.24, 0.02]
4.1 DHA and AA vs normal term formula 3 264 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.11 [‐0.24, 0.02]
5 Sweep VEP acuity at 6 m (cycles/degree) 1 53 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.31 [‐1.04, 0.42]
5.1 DHA and AA vs normal term formula 1 53 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.31 [‐1.04, 0.42]
6 Visual acuity/Teller cards at 6 m (cycles/degree) 3   Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
6.1 DHA and AA vs normal term formula 3 256 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.02 [‐0.11, 0.15]
7 VEP acuity at 7‐8 m (logMAR, steady state) 2   Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
7.1 DHA and AA vs normal term formula 1 30 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [‐0.13, 0.13]
7.2 DHA vs normal term formula 2 52 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.02 [‐0.14, 0.10]
8 Sweep VEP acuity at 12 months (logMAR) 3   Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
8.1 DHA and AA vs normal term formula 3 244 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.15 [‐0.17, ‐0.13]
8.2 DHA vs normal term formula 1 40 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.14 [‐0.21, ‐0.07]
9 Sweep VEP acuity at 12 m (cycles/degree) 1 53 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [‐0.71, 0.71]
9.1 DHA and AA vs normal term formula 1 53 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [‐0.71, 0.71]
10 Visual acuity/Teller cards at 12 m (cycles/degree) 3 256 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.01 [‐0.12, 0.11]
10.1 DHA and AA vs normal term formula 3 256 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.01 [‐0.12, 0.11]
11 Visual acuity at 3 years (Teller acuity cards; cycles/degree) 1   Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
11.1 DHA and AA vs normal term formula 1 68 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐2.10 [‐2.41, ‐1.79]
11.2 DHA vs normal term formula 1 68 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐2.80 [‐3.11, ‐2.49]
12 MDI (Bayley) score at 3 m 1 58 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 2.48 [‐1.90, 6.86]
12.1 DHA and AA vs normal term formula 1 58 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 2.48 [‐1.90, 6.86]
13 PDI (Bayley) score at 3 m 1 58 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 3.66 [0.43, 6.89]
13.1 DHA and AA vs normal term formula 1 58 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 3.66 [0.43, 6.89]
14 MDI (Bayley) score at 6 m 2 207 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.59 [‐2.26, 1.07]
14.1 DHA and AA vs normal term formula 2 207 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.59 [‐2.26, 1.07]
15 PDI (Bayley) score at 6 m 2 206 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.23 [‐2.47, 2.94]
15.1 DHA and AA vs normal term formula 2 206 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.23 [‐2.47, 2.94]
16 MDI (Bayley score) at 1 year 4   Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
16.1 DHA and AA vs normal term formula 3 298 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.95 [‐3.38, 1.49]
16.2 DHA vs normal term formula 3 160 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.27 [‐4.36, 3.83]
17 PDI (Bayley score) at 1 year 4   Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
17.1 DHA and AA vs normal term formula 3 298 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐2.48 [‐5.83, 0.86]
17.2 DHA vs normal term formula 3 160 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐1.70 [‐6.62, 3.22]
18 MDI (Bayley score) at 18 m 4 661 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.06 [‐2.01, 2.14]
18.1 DHA and AA vs normal term formula 4 661 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.06 [‐2.01, 2.14]
19 PDI (Bayley score) at 18 m 4 661 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.69 [‐0.78, 2.16]
19.1 DHA and AA vs normal term formula 4 661 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.69 [‐0.78, 2.16]
20 MDI (Bayley score) at 2 years 1 79 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.85 [‐5.26, 8.96]
20.1 DHA and AA vs normal term formula 1 38 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐2.0 [‐13.88, 9.88]
20.2 DHA vs normal term formula 1 41 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 4.0 [‐4.88, 12.88]
21 PDI (Bayley score) at 2 years 1   Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
21.1 DHA and AA vs normal term formula 1 37 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐1.0 [‐12.71, 10.71]
21.2 DHA vs normal term formula 1 37 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 7.00 [‐3.32, 17.32]
22 Weight at 4 months 2   Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
22.1 DHA and AA vs normal term formula 1 46 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.15 [‐0.22, 0.52]
22.2 DHA vs normal term formula 2 71 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.03 [‐0.33, 0.27]
23 Length at 4 months 2   Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
23.1 DHA and AA vs normal term formula 1 46 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [‐1.45, 1.45]
23.2 DHA vs normal term formula 2 71 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.03 [1.00, 1.06]
24 Head circumference at 4 months 2   Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
24.1 DHA and AA vs normal term formula 1 46 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.5 [‐0.26, 1.26]
24.2 DHA vs normal term formula 2 71 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.01 [‐0.53, 0.51]
25 Weight at 6 m (kg) 4 830 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.01 [‐0.11, 0.13]
26 Length at 6 m (cm) 4 830 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.13 [‐0.47, 0.21]
27 Head circumference at 6 m (cm) 4 830 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.06 [‐0.25, 0.13]
28 Weight at 12 m (kg) 6   Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
28.1 DHA and AA vs normal term formula 5 689 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.11 [‐0.28, 0.05]
28.2 DHA vs normal term formula 2 75 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.43 [‐0.96, 0.09]
29 Weight at 12 m, z score 5   Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
29.1 DHA and AA vs normal term formula 5 521 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.23 [‐0.40, ‐0.06]
29.2 DHA vs normal term formula 1 88 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.01 [‐0.50, 0.48]
30 Length at 12 m (cm) 6   Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
30.1 DHA and AA vs normal term formula 5 689 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.15 [‐0.57, 0.28]
30.2 DHA vs normal term formula 2 75 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.95 [‐2.05, 0.15]
31 Length at 12 m, z score 5   Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
31.1 DHA and AA vs normal term formula 5 521 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.04 [‐0.19, 0.11]
31.2 DHA vs normal term formula 1 88 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.10 [‐0.35, 0.55]
32 Head circumference at 12 m (cm) 5   Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
32.1 DHA and AA vs normal term formula 4 633 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.13 [‐0.36, 0.11]
32.2 DHA vs normal term formula 2 75 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.22 [‐0.80, 0.37]
33 Head circumference at 12 m, z score 4   Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
33.1 DHA and AA vs normal term formula 4 464 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.13 [‐0.32, 0.05]
33.2 DHA vs normal term formula 1 88 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.07 [‐0.33, 0.47]
34 Weight at 18 m (kg) 2 563 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.04 [‐0.25, 0.17]
34.1 DHA and AA vs normal term formula 2 563 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.04 [‐0.25, 0.17]
35 Length at 18 m (cm) 2 565 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.19 [‐0.71, 0.34]
35.1 DHA and AA vs normal term formula 2 565 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.19 [‐0.71, 0.34]
36 Head circumference at 18 m (cm) 2 565 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.07 [‐0.32, 0.19]
36.1 DHA and AA vs normal term formula 2 565 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.07 [‐0.32, 0.19]
37 Weight at 2 years (kg) 1   Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
37.1 DHA and AA vs normal term formula 1 39 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.76 [‐1.68, 0.16]
37.2 DHA vs normal term formula 1 43 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.79 [‐1.65, 0.07]
38 Height at 2 years (cm) 1   Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
38.1 DHA and AA vs normal term formula 1 39 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [‐2.07, 2.07]
38.2 DHA vs normal term formula 1 43 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.30 [‐2.09, 1.49]
39 Head circumference at 2 years (cm) 1   Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
39.1 DHA and AA vs normal term formula 1 39 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.5 [‐0.47, 1.47]
39.2 DHA vs normal term formula 1 43 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.10 [‐0.68, 0.88]