2. Risk of bias (by comparison).

Study name	Intervention(s) and controls	Random sequence generation	Allocation concealment	Blinding of participants and personnel	Blinding of outcom assessment	Incomplete outcome data	Selective reporting	For‐profit bias	Other bias
Fogari 2012	Renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system inhibitor Control: Antihypertensives	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	High	High	Low	Low
Ersoz 2005	Bile acids Control: Antioxidants	Unclear	Unclear	High	High	High	High	Unclear	Low
Harrison 2009	Orlistat plus antioxidants Control: Antioxidants	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	High	High	Unclear	Low
Kedarisetty 2014	Pentoxifylline plus antioxidants Control: Antioxidants	Unclear	Unclear	High	High	Low	High	Unclear	Low
Polyzos 2011	Renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system inhibitor plus antioxidants Control: Antioxidants	Low	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Low	Low
Bugianesi 2005	Sulphonylureas Control: Antioxidants	Unclear	Unclear	High	High	Unclear	High	Unclear	Low
Sanyal 2010	Thiazolidinediones Control: Antioxidants	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	High	Low
Basu 2013	Thiazolidinediones Control: Antioxidants	Unclear	Unclear	High	High	Unclear	High	Unclear	Low
Sanyal 2004	Thiazolidinediones plus antioxidants Control: Antioxidants	Unclear	low	Unclear	Unclear	low	High	Unclear	Low
Parikh 2016	Antioxidants Control: Bile acids	Unclear	Unclear	High	High	High	High	Low	Low
Copaci 2009	Intervention 1: Pentoxifylline Intervention 2: Pentoxifylline plus bile acids Control: Bile acids	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	High	Unclear	Low
Stilidi 2014	Renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system inhibitor plus bile acids Control: Bile acids	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	High	Unclear	Low
Shiffman 2015	Anti‐caspase Control: No intervention	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Low	Unclear	High	High	Low
Ratziu 2016	Anti‐fibrotic Control: No intervention	Low	Low	Low	Low	High	High	High	Low
Harrison 2003	Antioxidants Control: No intervention	Low	Low	Low	Low	High	High	Unclear	Low
Kugelmas 2003	Antioxidants Control: No intervention	Unclear	Unclear	High	Unclear	Unclear	High	Low	Low
Gomez 2009	Antioxidants Control: No intervention	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Low	High	High	Low
Magosso 2013	Antioxidants Control: No intervention	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	High	Low
Basu 2014	Antioxidants Control: No intervention	Low	Low	High	High	Low	High	High	Low
Santos 2003	Bile acids Control: No intervention	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Low	Unclear	High	High	Low
Lindor 2004	Bile acids Control: No intervention	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	High	High	High	Low
Mendez‐Sanchez 2004	Bile acids Control: No intervention	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	High	High	Unclear	Low
Leuschner 2010	Bile acids Control: No intervention	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Low	High	Low
Ratziu 2011	Bile acids Control: No intervention	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Low	High	Low
Mudaliar 2013	Bile acids Control: No intervention	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	High	Low
Safadi 2014	Bile acids Control: No intervention	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Low	High	High	High	Low
Neuschwander‐Tetri 2015	Bile acids Control: No intervention	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	High	High	Low
Gianturco 2013	Intervention 1: Bile acids plus antioxidants Intervention 2: Antioxidants Intervention 3: Bile acids Control: No intervention	Low	Low	Low	Low	High	High	Unclear	Low
Dufour 2006	Intervention 1: Bile acids plus antioxidants Intervention 2: Bile acids Control: No intervention	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	High	High	High	Low
Stefan 2014	Glucocorticosteroid inhibitor Control: No intervention	Low	Low	Low	Low	High	High	High	Low
Morita 2005	Other anti‐diabetes medication Control: No intervention	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	High	Low	Low
Armstrong 2016	Other anti‐diabetes medication Control: No intervention	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	High	Low
Wang 2015	Intervention 1: Other anti‐diabetes medication Intervention 2: Sulphonylureas plus other anti‐diabetes medication Intervention 3: Sulphonylureas Control: No intervention	Unclear	Unclear	High	High	Unclear	High	Unclear	Low
Merat 2003	Other cholesterol‐lowering agents Control: No intervention	Low	Low	Low	Low	High	High	Low	Low
Loomba 2015	Other cholesterol‐lowering agents Control: No intervention	Low	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	High	High	Low
Van Wagner 2011	Pentoxifylline Control: No intervention	Low	Low	Low	Low	High	High	Unclear	Low
Ratziu 2014	Phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitor Control: No intervention	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	High	High	High	Low
Alam 2016	Renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system inhibitor Control: No intervention	Low	Low	High	High	High	Low	Low	Low
Hajaghamohammadi 2008	Silymarin Control: No intervention	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	High	Unclear	Low
Hashemi 2009	Silymarin Control: No intervention	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	High	Unclear	Low
Taghvaei 2013	Silymarin Control: No intervention	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	High	Unclear	Low
Solhi 2014	Silymarin Control: No intervention	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	High	High	Unclear	Low
Chan 2015	Silymarin Control: No intervention	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Low	Unclear	High	Unclear	Low
Aller 2015	Silymarin plus antioxidants Control: No intervention	Low	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Low	High	Unclear	Low
Bonfrate 2015	Silymarin plus antioxidants Control: No intervention	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	High	Unclear	Low
Lewis 2006	Statins Control: No intervention	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Low	Unclear	High	Unclear	Low
Nelson 2009	Statins Control: No intervention	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	High	Low	Low
Baranova 2015	Statins Control: No intervention	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	High	Unclear	Low
Foster 2011	Statins plus antioxidants Control: No intervention	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Low	Unclear	High	Unclear	Low
Uygun 2004	Sulphonylureas Control: No intervention	Low	Unclear	High	High	High	High	Unclear	Low
Haukeland 2009	Sulphonylureas Control: No intervention	Low	Low	Low	Low	High	High	High	Low
Nar 2009	Sulphonylureas Control: No intervention	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Unclear	High	Unclear	Low
Shields 2009	Sulphonylureas Control: No intervention	Low	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	High	Unclear	Low
Garinis 2010	Sulphonylureas Control: No intervention	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Low	High	High	Unclear	Low
Sofer 2011	Sulphonylureas Control: No intervention	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	High	Unclear	Low
Belfort 2006	Thiazolidinediones Control: No intervention	Low	Low	Low	Low	High	High	High	Low
Cui 2006	Thiazolidinediones Control: No intervention	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Low	Unclear	High	Unclear	Low
Aithal 2008	Thiazolidinediones Control: No intervention	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	High	Low
Ratziu 2008	Thiazolidinediones Control: No intervention	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Low	High	High	High	Low
Gastaldelli 2009	Thiazolidinediones Control: No intervention	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Low	Unclear	High	Unclear	Low
Yaginuma 2009	Thiazolidinediones Control: No intervention	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	High	Unclear	Low
Jin 2010	Thiazolidinediones Control: No intervention	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	High	Unclear	Low
Cusi 2013	Thiazolidinediones Control: No intervention	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	High	High	Low
Kakazu 2013	Thiazolidinediones Control: No intervention	Unclear	Unclear	High	Unclear	High	High	Low	Low
Sunny 2015	Thiazolidinediones Control: No intervention	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	High	High	Low
Yan 2015	Thiazolidinediones Control: No intervention	Low	Unclear	High	High	Unclear	High	Low	Low
Athyros 2006	Intervention 1: Statins Intervention 2: Statins plus other cholesterol‐lowering agents Control: Other cholesterol‐lowering agents	Low	Low	High	High	Low	Low	High	Low
Razavizadeh 2012	Antioxidants Control: Silymarin	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Low	Unclear	High	Unclear	Low
Hajiaghamohammadi 2012	Thiazolidinediones Sulphonylureas Control: Silymarin	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Low	High	Low	Low
Siddique 2015	Thiazolidinediones Control: Statins	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	High	Unclear	Low
Klyarytskaya 2015	Renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system inhibitor plus statins plus antioxidants Control: Statins plus antioxidants	Unclear	Unclear	High	High	Unclear	High	Unclear	Low
Askarimoghadam 2013	Sulphonylureas plus antioxidants Control: Sulphonylureas	Unclear	Unclear	High	High	Unclear	High	Unclear	Low
Song 2014	Sulphonylureas plus other anti‐diabetes medication Control: Sulphonylureas	Low	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	High	Unclear	Low
Sharma 2012	Pentoxifylline Control: Thiazolidinediones	Low	Low	High	High	High	High	Unclear	Low
Omer 2010	Sulphonylureas Control: Thiazolidinediones	Unclear	Unclear	High	High	High	High	Unclear	Low
Razavizade 2013	Sulphonylureas Control: Thiazolidinediones	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Torres 2011	Intervention 1: Thiazolidinediones plus renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system inhibitor Intervention 2: Thiazolidinediones plus sulphonylureas Control: Thiazolidinediones	Low	Low	High	High	High	High	High	Low