| 1 Mortality at maximal follow‐up |
11 |
|
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 1.1 Renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system inhibitor versus no intervention |
1 |
30 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 1.2 Antioxidants versus no intervention |
1 |
87 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 1.3 Bile acids versus no intervention |
4 |
659 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
5.11 [0.24, 107.34] |
| 1.4 Other anti‐diabetes drug versus no intervention |
1 |
52 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 1.5 Thiazolidinediones versus no intervention |
1 |
74 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 1.6 Antioxidants versus renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system inhibitor plus antioxidants |
1 |
31 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 1.7 Statins versus other cholesterol‐lowering agents |
1 |
125 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 1.8 Statins plus other cholesterol‐lowering agents versus other cholesterol‐lowering agents |
1 |
123 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 1.9 Statins plus other cholesterol‐lowering agents versus statins |
1 |
124 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 1.10 Thiazolidinediones versus sulphonylureas |
1 |
80 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 2 Serious adverse events (proportion) |
19 |
|
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 2.1 Renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system inhibitor versus no intervention |
1 |
30 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 2.2 Anti‐fibrotic versus no intervention |
1 |
274 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.40 [0.66, 2.94] |
| 2.3 Antioxidants versus no intervention |
1 |
87 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 2.4 Bile acids versus no intervention |
3 |
404 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.56 [0.84, 2.88] |
| 2.5 Other cholesterol‐lowering agents versus no intervention |
1 |
27 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 2.6 Other anti‐diabetes drug versus no intervention |
1 |
52 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.0 [0.13, 7.69] |
| 2.7 Phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitor versus no intervention |
1 |
96 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.1 [0.01, 0.94] |
| 2.8 Glucocorticosteroid inhibitor versus no intervention |
1 |
80 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
3.16 [0.31, 31.78] |
| 2.9 Silymarin versus no intervention |
1 |
100 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 2.10 Silymarin plus antioxidants versus no intervention |
1 |
36 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 2.11 Statins versus no intervention |
1 |
16 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 2.12 Pentoxifylline versus no intervention |
1 |
26 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 2.13 Thiazolidinediones versus no intervention |
2 |
194 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 2.14 Antioxidants versus renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system inhibitor plus antioxidants |
1 |
31 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 2.15 Statins versus other cholesterol‐lowering agents |
1 |
125 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 2.16 Statins plus other cholesterol‐lowering agents versus other cholesterol‐lowering agents |
1 |
123 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 2.17 Statins plus other cholesterol‐lowering agents versus statins |
1 |
124 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 2.18 Thiazolidinediones versus sulphonylureas |
1 |
80 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 3 Serious adverse events (number of events) |
18 |
|
Rate Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 3.1 Renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system inhibitor versus no intervention |
1 |
30 |
Rate Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 3.2 Antioxidants versus no intervention |
2 |
254 |
Rate Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.89 [0.36, 2.19] |
| 3.3 Bile acids versus no intervention |
3 |
404 |
Rate Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.01 [0.66, 1.54] |
| 3.4 Other cholesterol‐lowering agents versus no intervention |
1 |
27 |
Rate Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 3.5 Other anti‐diabetes drug versus no intervention |
1 |
52 |
Rate Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.67 [0.11, 3.99] |
| 3.6 Phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitor versus no intervention |
1 |
96 |
Rate Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.15 [0.02, 1.46] |
| 3.7 Silymarin versus no intervention |
1 |
100 |
Rate Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 3.8 Silymarin plus antioxidants versus no intervention |
1 |
36 |
Rate Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 3.9 Statins versus no intervention |
1 |
16 |
Rate Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 3.10 Glucocorticosteroid inhibitor versus no intervention |
1 |
80 |
Rate Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI) |
5.00 [0.58, 42.80] |
| 3.11 Thiazolidinediones versus no intervention |
3 |
358 |
Rate Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.21 [0.05, 0.95] |
| 3.12 Antioxidants versus renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system inhibitor plus antioxidants |
1 |
31 |
Rate Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 3.13 Thiazolidinediones versus antioxidants |
1 |
164 |
Rate Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.23 [0.05, 1.08] |
| 3.14 Statins versus other cholesterol‐lowering agents |
1 |
125 |
Rate Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 3.15 Statins plus other cholesterol‐lowering agents versus other cholesterol‐lowering agents |
1 |
123 |
Rate Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 3.16 Statins plus other cholesterol‐lowering agents versus statins |
1 |
124 |
Rate Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 3.17 Thiazolidinediones versus sulphonylureas |
1 |
80 |
Rate Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 4 Adverse events (proportion) |
17 |
|
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 4.1 Antioxidants versus no intervention |
2 |
242 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 4.2 Bile acids versus no intervention |
2 |
230 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.72 [0.72, 4.10] |
| 4.3 Other cholesterol‐lowering agents versus no intervention |
1 |
27 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 4.4 Other anti‐diabetes drug versus no intervention |
1 |
52 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.64 [0.10, 4.18] |
| 4.5 Phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitor versus no intervention |
1 |
96 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
3.0 [1.15, 7.85] |
| 4.6 Silymarin plus antioxidants versus no intervention |
1 |
36 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 4.7 Statins versus no intervention |
1 |
16 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 4.8 Glucocorticosteroid inhibitor versus no intervention |
1 |
80 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.68 [0.68, 4.13] |
| 4.9 Thiazolidinediones versus no intervention |
2 |
194 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
3.07 [0.96, 9.87] |
| 4.10 Bile acids versus antioxidants |
2 |
289 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.95 [0.50, 1.81] |
| 4.11 Statins versus other cholesterol‐lowering agents |
1 |
125 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
5.08 [0.24, 108.01] |
| 4.12 Statins plus other cholesterol‐lowering agents versus other cholesterol‐lowering agents |
1 |
123 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
3.10 [0.12, 77.57] |
| 4.13 Thiazolidinediones versus pentoxifylline |
1 |
59 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.5 [0.04, 5.83] |
| 4.14 Statins plus other cholesterol‐lowering agents versus statins |
1 |
124 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.51 [0.04, 5.76] |
| 4.15 Thiazolidinediones versus sulphonylureas |
1 |
80 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 5 Adverse events (number of events) |
22 |
|
Rate Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 5.1 Antioxidants versus no intervention |
3 |
409 |
Rate Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.03 [0.70, 1.52] |
| 5.2 Bile acids versus no intervention |
5 |
825 |
Rate Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.19 [1.06, 1.33] |
| 5.3 Other cholesterol‐lowering agents versus no intervention |
2 |
77 |
Rate Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI) |
2.50 [0.49, 12.89] |
| 5.4 Other anti‐diabetes drug versus no intervention |
1 |
52 |
Rate Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.94 [0.78, 1.14] |
| 5.5 Pentoxifylline versus no intervention |
1 |
26 |
Rate Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.11 [0.44, 2.78] |
| 5.6 Silymarin plus antioxidants versus no intervention |
1 |
36 |
Rate Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 5.7 Statins versus no intervention |
1 |
16 |
Rate Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 5.8 Glucocorticosteroid inhibitor versus no intervention |
1 |
80 |
Rate Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.56 [1.05, 2.31] |
| 5.9 Thiazolidinediones versus no intervention |
4 |
481 |
Rate Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.14 [0.82, 1.58] |
| 5.10 Bile acids versus antioxidants |
1 |
58 |
Rate Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI) |
6.53 [0.34, 126.48] |
| 5.11 Thiazolidinediones versus antioxidants |
1 |
164 |
Rate Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.87 [0.58, 1.30] |
| 5.12 Statins versus other cholesterol‐lowering agents |
1 |
127 |
Rate Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI) |
4.92 [0.24, 102.52] |
| 5.13 Statins plus other cholesterol‐lowering agents versus other cholesterol‐lowering agents |
1 |
125 |
Rate Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI) |
3.05 [0.12, 74.83] |
| 5.14 Thiazolidinediones versus pentoxifylline |
1 |
59 |
Rate Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.52 [0.05, 5.70] |
| 5.15 Statins plus other cholesterol‐lowering agents versus statins |
1 |
124 |
Rate Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.52 [0.05, 5.69] |
| 5.16 Thiazolidinediones versus sulphonylureas |
1 |
80 |
Rate Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 6 Cirrhosis |
11 |
|
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 6.1 Renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system inhibitor versus no intervention |
1 |
30 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 6.2 Antioxidants versus no intervention |
1 |
87 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 6.3 Other anti‐diabetes drug versus no intervention |
1 |
52 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 6.4 Silymarin versus no intervention |
1 |
64 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.11 [0.01, 2.15] |
| 6.5 Glucocorticosteroid inhibitor versus no intervention |
1 |
80 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 6.6 Sulphonylureas versus no intervention |
1 |
44 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 6.7 Thiazolidinediones versus no intervention |
2 |
121 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
5.99 [0.71, 50.28] |
| 6.8 Antioxidants versus renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system inhibitor plus antioxidants |
1 |
31 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 6.9 Statins versus other cholesterol‐lowering agents |
1 |
125 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 6.10 Statins plus other cholesterol‐lowering agents versus other cholesterol‐lowering agents |
1 |
123 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 6.11 Statins plus other cholesterol‐lowering agents versus statins |
1 |
124 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 6.12 Thiazolidinediones versus sulphonylureas |
1 |
80 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 7 Resolution of fatty liver disease |
16 |
|
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 7.1 Renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system inhibitor versus no intervention |
1 |
30 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 7.2 Antioxidants versus no intervention |
3 |
299 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
2.23 [1.28, 3.87] |
| 7.3 Bile acids versus no intervention |
1 |
219 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
1.85 [0.88, 3.89] |
| 7.4 Other cholesterol‐lowering agents versus no intervention |
1 |
35 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
1.08 [0.25, 4.70] |
| 7.5 Other anti‐diabetes drug versus no intervention |
1 |
45 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
6.43 [1.20, 34.41] |
| 7.6 Silymarin versus no intervention |
1 |
64 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
11.72 [0.60, 227.31] |
| 7.7 Sulphonylureas versus no intervention |
3 |
123 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
1.02 [0.23, 4.41] |
| 7.8 Thiazolidinediones versus no intervention |
3 |
272 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
1.68 [0.44, 6.44] |
| 7.9 Bile acids versus antioxidants |
1 |
56 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 7.10 Thiazolidinediones versus antioxidants |
1 |
164 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
1.63 [0.87, 3.05] |
| 7.11 Statins versus other cholesterol‐lowering agents |
1 |
125 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
2.77 [1.34, 5.73] |
| 7.12 Statins plus other cholesterol‐lowering agents versus other cholesterol‐lowering agents |
1 |
123 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
3.31 [1.57, 6.98] |
| 7.13 Statins plus other cholesterol‐lowering agents versus statins |
1 |
124 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
1.19 [0.56, 2.55] |
| 7.14 Thiazolidinediones plus renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system inhibitor versus thiazolidinediones |
1 |
61 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.47 [0.16, 1.35] |
| 7.15 Thiazolidinediones plus sulphonylureas versus thiazolidinediones |
1 |
54 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.65 [0.22, 1.93] |
| 7.16 Thiazolidinediones plus sulphonylureas versus thiazolidinediones plus renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system inhibitor |
1 |
63 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
1.39 [0.48, 4.03] |
