Izbicki 2014.

Methods	Design: 12‐week multi‐centre, randomised, open‐label study comparing indacaterol versus alternative long‐acting beta2‐agonists for patients whose current treatment regimen included a twice‐daily long‐acting beta2‐agonist Run‐in: not stated
Participants	Population: 90 participants. Mean age 65 years. Predominantly male participants Inclusion criteria: diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (moderate to severe as classified by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Guidelines, 2007); postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) < 80% and ≥ 30% of predicted normal value; postbronchodilator FEV1/FVC (forced vital capacity) < 70%; current COPD bronchodilator treatment includes a LABA bronchodilator or a fixed‐dose combination of LABA and inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) Exclusion criteria: history of asthma; currently receiving treatment for COPD with tiotropium; diabetes Type I or uncontrolled diabetes Type II; history of certain cardiovascular co‐morbid conditions
Interventions	1. Indacaterol 150 mcg 2. Alternative twice‐daily beta2‐agonist
Outcomes	Primary outcome: change in health‐related quality of life as measured by COPD clinical questionnaire
Notes	Trial sponsored by Novartis
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Currently available in abstract format only; method of random sequence generation not stated
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	High risk	Open‐label study
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Open‐label study
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Method of blinding of outcome assessment was unclear
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Similar rates of dropout were noted across both study arms
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Only one primary outcome has been reported