To 2011.

Methods	Design: parallel, open‐label, randomised, controlled trial. 52 weeks' duration. Modified intention‐to‐treat analysis. Japanese participants Run‐in: not stated
Participants	Population: 186 participants with a diagnosis of moderate to severe COPD were randomly assigned. Mean age was 68 years Inclusion criteria: adults > 40 years with at least a 20‐pack‐year smoking history FEV1/FVC < 0.7, FEV1 30% to 80% predicted post bronchodilator Exclusion criteria: respiratory tract infection or COPD exacerbation during previous 6 weeks, diagnosis of asthma, concomitant pulmonary disease, type 1 or uncontrolled type 2 diabetes, cancer with less than 5‐year survival, lung cancer, certain cardiovascular co‐morbidities
Interventions	1. Indacaterol 300 mcg 2. Salmeterol 50 mcg
Outcomes	Primary outcome: blood glucose, QTc, serum potassium, blood pressure and pulse rate, other adverse events Secondary outcome: trough FEV1 Follow‐up weeks 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 44 and 52
Notes	Unpublished trial; unable to obtain further data
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Method of randomisation was unclear
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	High risk	Open‐label trial
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Open‐label trial
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Method of blinding of outcome assessment was unclear
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Similar rates of dropout in both arms for similar reasons
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All prespecified outcomes were reported