| 1 Mortality at maximal follow‐up |
28 |
|
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 1.1 Azathioprine versus no intervention |
2 |
224 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.56 [0.32, 0.98] |
| 1.2 Chlorambucil versus no intervention |
1 |
24 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.14 [0.01, 3.28] |
| 1.3 Colchicine versus no intervention |
2 |
122 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.77 [0.32, 1.85] |
| 1.4 Cyclosporin versus no intervention |
3 |
390 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.88 [0.51, 1.50] |
| 1.5 D‐Penicillamine versus no intervention |
5 |
423 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.90 [0.57, 1.44] |
| 1.6 Glucocorticosteroids versus no intervention |
1 |
36 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.64 [0.14, 2.92] |
| 1.7 Malotilate versus no intervention |
1 |
101 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
2.0 [0.47, 8.48] |
| 1.8 Methotrexate versus no intervention |
1 |
60 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
8.83 [1.01, 76.96] |
| 1.9 UDCA versus no intervention |
6 |
734 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.99 [0.60, 1.64] |
| 1.10 Bezafibrate plus UDCA versus UDCA |
1 |
27 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
9.67 [0.45, 207.78] |
| 1.11 Colchicine plus UDCA versus UDCA |
2 |
158 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.84 [0.38, 8.91] |
| 1.12 Methotrexate plus UDCA versus UDCA |
2 |
290 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.17 [0.55, 2.51] |
| 1.13 Obeticholic acid plus UDCA versus UDCA |
1 |
216 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.55 [0.06, 38.46] |
| 2 Mortality (< 1 year) |
8 |
|
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 2.1 Azathioprine versus no intervention |
1 |
39 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.58 [0.16, 2.10] |
| 2.2 Colchicine versus no intervention |
1 |
64 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.86 [0.22, 3.33] |
| 2.3 Cyclosporin versus no intervention |
1 |
12 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.14 [0.01, 3.63] |
| 2.4 D‐Penicillamine versus no intervention |
1 |
189 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.71 [0.35, 1.42] |
| 2.5 Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) versus no intervention |
1 |
18 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 2.6 Colchicine plus UDCA versus UDCA |
1 |
84 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.0 [0.13, 7.45] |
| 2.7 Methotrexate plus UDCA versus UDCA |
1 |
25 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 2.8 Obeticholic acid plus UDCA versus UDCA |
1 |
216 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.55 [0.06, 38.46] |
| 3 Mortality (1 to 5 years) |
20 |
|
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 3.1 Azathioprine versus no intervention |
1 |
185 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.56 [0.30, 1.04] |
| 3.2 Chlorambucil versus no intervention |
1 |
24 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.14 [0.01, 3.28] |
| 3.3 Colchicine versus no intervention |
1 |
58 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.71 [0.22, 2.25] |
| 3.4 Cyclosporin versus no intervention |
2 |
378 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.94 [0.54, 1.64] |
| 3.5 D‐Penicillamine versus no intervention |
4 |
234 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.10 [0.59, 2.08] |
| 3.6 Glucocorticosteroids versus no intervention |
1 |
36 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.64 [0.14, 2.92] |
| 3.7 Malotilate versus no intervention |
1 |
101 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
2.0 [0.47, 8.48] |
| 3.8 Methotrexate versus no intervention |
1 |
60 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
8.83 [1.01, 76.96] |
| 3.9 UDCA versus no intervention |
5 |
716 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.99 [0.60, 1.64] |
| 3.10 Bezafibrate plus UDCA versus UDCA |
1 |
27 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
9.67 [0.45, 207.78] |
| 3.11 Colchicine plus UDCA versus UDCA |
1 |
74 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
5.28 [0.24, 113.87] |
| 3.12 Methotrexate plus UDCA versus UDCA |
1 |
265 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.17 [0.55, 2.51] |
| 4 Serious adverse events (proportion) |
11 |
|
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 4.1 Colchicine versus no intervention |
1 |
64 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 4.2 D‐Penicillamine versus no intervention |
1 |
52 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
28.77 [1.57, 526.67] |
| 4.3 Obeticholic acid versus no intervention |
1 |
165 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.83 [0.21, 15.73] |
| 4.4 UDCA versus no intervention |
3 |
380 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 4.5 UDCA versus bezafibrate |
1 |
24 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 4.6 Bezafibrate plus UDCA versus UDCA |
1 |
22 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 4.7 Colchicine plus UDCA versus UDCA |
1 |
74 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
3.08 [0.12, 78.14] |
| 4.8 Lamivudine plus zidovudine plus UDCA versus UDCA |
1 |
59 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.47 [0.04, 5.43] |
| 4.9 Obeticholic acid plus UDCA versus UDCA |
1 |
216 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
3.58 [1.02, 12.51] |
| 5 Serious adverse events (number of events) |
1 |
|
Rate Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 5.1 Obeticholic acid plus UDCA versus UDCA |
1 |
216 |
Rate Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.66 [0.75, 3.66] |
| 6 Adverse events (proportion) |
19 |
|
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 6.1 Cyclosporin versus no intervention |
3 |
390 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
3.04 [1.98, 4.68] |
| 6.2 D‐Penicillamine versus no intervention |
2 |
287 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
4.51 [2.56, 7.93] |
| 6.3 Malotilate versus no intervention |
1 |
101 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
11.43 [1.40, 93.04] |
| 6.4 Obeticholic acid versus no intervention |
1 |
165 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
4.58 [1.31, 15.95] |
| 6.5 UDCA versus no intervention |
3 |
380 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.45 [0.50, 4.25] |
| 6.6 Azathioprine plus UDCA versus UDCA |
1 |
42 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
19.67 [0.94, 413.50] |
| 6.7 Bezafibrate versus UDCA |
1 |
24 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 6.8 Bezafibrate plus UDCA versus UDCA |
1 |
22 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
3.29 [0.12, 89.81] |
| 6.9 Colchicine plus UDCA versus UDCA |
2 |
42 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
6.20 [0.63, 60.80] |
| 6.10 Colestilan plus UDCA versus UDCA |
1 |
11 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 6.11 Glucocorticosteroids plus UDCA versus UDCA |
2 |
135 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
5.54 [1.35, 22.84] |
| 6.12 Methotrexate plus UDCA versus UDCA |
1 |
25 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
115.0 [4.98, 2657.48] |
| 6.13 TauroUDCA versus UDCA |
1 |
30 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
21.0 [2.16, 204.61] |
| 6.14 Glucocorticosteroids plus UDCA versus azathioprine plus UDCA |
1 |
50 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.40 [0.08, 2.12] |
| 7 Adverse events (number) |
14 |
|
Rate Ratio (Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 7.1 Chlorambucil versus no intervention |
1 |
24 |
Rate Ratio (Random, 95% CI) |
3.67 [1.04, 12.87] |
| 7.2 Cyclosporin versus no intervention |
3 |
390 |
Rate Ratio (Random, 95% CI) |
2.58 [1.26, 5.31] |
| 7.3 D‐Penicillamine versus no intervention |
3 |
303 |
Rate Ratio (Random, 95% CI) |
2.99 [1.04, 8.63] |
| 7.4 Malotilate versus no intervention |
1 |
101 |
Rate Ratio (Random, 95% CI) |
6.13 [1.38, 27.14] |
| 7.5 Obeticholic acid versus no intervention |
1 |
76 |
Rate Ratio (Random, 95% CI) |
1.41 [1.13, 1.75] |
| 7.6 Azathioprine plus glucocorticosteroids plus UDCA versus UDCA |
1 |
50 |
Rate Ratio (Random, 95% CI) |
1.32 [0.88, 1.97] |
| 7.7 Bezafibrate plus UDCA versus UDCA |
1 |
29 |
Rate Ratio (Random, 95% CI) |
11.79 [0.65, 213.14] |
| 7.8 Colchicine plus UDCA versus UDCA |
1 |
24 |
Rate Ratio (Random, 95% CI) |
5.91 [0.28, 123.08] |
| 7.9 Methotrexate plus UDCA versus UDCA |
1 |
27 |
Rate Ratio (Random, 95% CI) |
30.64 [1.84, 510.76] |
| 7.10 TauroUDCA versus UDCA |
1 |
191 |
Rate Ratio (Random, 95% CI) |
1.17 [0.81, 1.71] |
| 8 Liver transplantation |
11 |
|
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 8.1 Cyclosporin versus no intervention |
2 |
378 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.86 [0.43, 1.72] |
| 8.2 D‐Penicillamine versus no intervention |
1 |
189 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.93 [0.06, 15.05] |
| 8.3 Methotrexate versus no intervention |
1 |
60 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.17 [0.02, 1.58] |
| 8.4 UDCA versus no intervention |
5 |
640 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.90 [0.48, 1.68] |
| 8.5 Bezafibrate plus UDCA versus UDCA |
1 |
27 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 8.6 Methotrexate plus UDCA versus UDCA |
1 |
265 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.70 [0.35, 1.39] |
| 9 Decompensated liver disease |
7 |
|
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 9.1 D‐Penicillamine versus no active treatment |
1 |
24 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 9.2 UDCA versus no intervention |
2 |
237 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.60 [0.86, 2.98] |
| 9.3 Azathioprine plus UDCA versus UDCA |
1 |
42 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.52 [0.05, 5.18] |
| 9.4 Colchicine plus UDCA versus UDCA |
1 |
84 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.21 [0.04, 1.07] |
| 9.5 Glucocorticosteroids plus UDCA versus UDCA |
1 |
66 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.55 [0.11, 2.69] |
| 9.6 Methotrexate plus UDCA versus UDCA |
1 |
265 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.34 [0.77, 2.33] |
| 9.7 Obeticholic acid plus UDCA versus UDCA |
1 |
216 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.55 [0.06, 38.46] |
| 9.8 Glucocorticosteroids plus UDCA versus azathioprine plus UDCA |
1 |
50 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.06 [0.10, 11.18] |
| 10 Cirrhosis |
3 |
|
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 10.1 Azathioprine versus no intervention |
1 |
31 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.79 [0.18, 3.41] |
| 10.2 UDCA versus no intervention |
1 |
22 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.15 [0.01, 1.53] |
| 10.3 Azathioprine plus glucocorticosteroids plus UDCA versus UDCA |
1 |
50 |
Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.28 [0.03, 2.90] |
