Swartz 1999.

Methods	Allocation: randomised. Blinding: not blinded. Duration: 12 months.
Participants	Diagnosis: schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or other major psychotic or affective disorder; diagnostic criteria not stated. n = 264.* Age: > 18 years. Sex: 132 M, 132 F. History: ill > 1 year, significant functional impairment (NCFAS score ≥ 90), intensive treatment in past 2 years, awaiting period of court‐ordered CCT, only included people discharged from hospital and not those already living in the community. Exclusion criteria: personality disorder, psychoactive substance‐use disorder, organic brain syndrome in absence of primary psychotic or mood disorder, recent serious act of violence involving injury or use of a weapon.*
Interventions	1. CCT: intensive, court‐ordered compulsory OPC. n = 129. 2. Standard care: control group were released from OPC by notifying the court. n = 135.
Outcomes	Service use: number of admissions, compliance with medication. Social functioning: number of arrests, threatening behaviour, homelessness. Quality of life: victimisation; number of violent or non‐violent attacks. Satisfaction with care: perceived coercion (MAES). We were unable to use: Hospitalisation: length of stay (data unusable). Leaving the study early (data unusable).
Notes	* Data for this review based only on those randomised to treatment groups and only non‐violent participants were randomised. The RCT was supplemented by a non‐random post hoc analysis of the intervention group based on duration of involuntary outpatient treatment. Renewals of CCT were not randomised for people who no longer met legal criteria. ITT analysis.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Stated to be randomised but did not describe process.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Stated to be randomised but did not describe process.
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	No specific mention in the study. Although self‐report measures were used for at least some of the outcomes, it is unlikely participants, clinicians or assessors were blind to treatment status.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Of the identified eligible people, about 12% refused to participate. Subsequent attrition from the study was 18.2% (n = 48) but bias was minimised by ITT analysis.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Unclear from paper.
Other bias	Unclear risk	Unclear, no conflicts of interest reported.

BPRS: Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; CCT: compulsory community treatment; CTO: community treatment order; F: female; GAF: Global Assessment of Functioning Scale; ITT: intention to treat; LBQL: Lehman Brief Quality of Life Interview; M: male; MAES: MacArthur Modified Admission Experience Survey; n: number of participants; NCFAS: North Carolina Functional Assessment Scale; OPC: outpatient commitment; PANSS: Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; RCT: randomised controlled trial; SD: standard deviation.