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. 2016 Mar 24;2016(3):CD003316. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003316.pub6

Comparison 5.

Mixed training versus control ‐ end of intervention

Outcome or subgroup title No. of studies No. of participants Statistical method Effect size
1 Case fatality 17 957 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.18 [0.03, 1.03]
1.1 During usual care 7 254 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
1.2 After usual care 10 703 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.18 [0.03, 1.03]
2 Disability ‐ Lawton IADL 2 113 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.83 [‐0.51, 2.17]
2.1 During usual care 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
2.2 After usual care 2 113 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.83 [‐0.51, 2.17]
3 Disability ‐ Barthel Index (BI) 5 236 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 2.91 [‐1.15, 6.96]
3.1 During usual care 2 58 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 9.95 [‐3.85, 23.75]
3.2 After usual care 3 178 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 1.99 [‐2.32, 6.29]
4 Disability ‐ Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI) 2 308 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.48 [0.05, 0.91]
4.1 During usual care 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
4.2 After usual care 2 308 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.48 [0.05, 0.91]
5 Disability ‐ Nottingham Extended ADL 1 66 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.20 [‐1.08, 0.68]
5.1 During usual care 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
5.2 After usual care 1 66 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.20 [‐1.08, 0.68]
6 Disability ‐ Functional Independence Measure (FIM) 1 66 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.10 [‐1.70, 1.50]
6.1 During usual care 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
6.2 After usual care 1 66 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.10 [‐1.70, 1.50]
7 Disability ‐ Stroke Impact Scale (SIS‐16) 1 94 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 6.0 [0.19, 11.81]
7.1 During usual care 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
7.2 After usual care 1 94 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 6.0 [0.19, 11.81]
8 Disability ‐ Katz ADL Scale 1 18 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐2.20 [‐5.21, 0.81]
8.1 During usual care 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
8.2 After usual care 1 18 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐2.20 [‐5.21, 0.81]
9 Disability ‐ combined disability scales 7 544 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.26 [0.04, 0.49]
9.1 During usual care 2 58 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.48 [‐0.04, 1.00]
9.2 After usual care 5 486 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.21 [‐0.06, 0.48]
10 Risk factors ‐ blood pressure, systolic 1 28 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 3.20 [‐9.55, 15.95]
10.1 During usual care 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
10.2 After usual care 1 28 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 3.20 [‐9.55, 15.95]
11 Risk factors ‐ blood pressure, diastolic 1 28 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.80 [‐5.59, 3.99]
11.1 During usual care 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
11.2 After usual care 1 28 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.80 [‐5.59, 3.99]
12 Physical fitness ‐ peak VO2 (ml/kg/min) 1 100 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.99 [0.35, 1.63]
12.1 During usual care 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
12.2 After usual care 1 100 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.99 [0.35, 1.63]
13 Physical fitness ‐ gait economy, VO2 (ml/kg/metre) 1 66 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.01 [‐0.03, ‐0.00]
13.1 During usual care 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
13.2 After usual care 1 66 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.01 [‐0.03, ‐0.00]
14 Physical fitness ‐ muscle strength, ankle dorsiflexion* 2 148 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.80 [‐0.82, 2.41]
14.1 During usual care 0 0 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
14.2 After usual care 2 148 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.80 [‐0.82, 2.41]
15 Physical fitness ‐ muscle strength, knee extension* 3 202 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.33 [0.05, 0.61]
15.1 During usual care 1 54 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.29 [‐0.25, 0.83]
15.2 After usual care 2 148 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.36 [‐0.02, 0.73]
16 Physical fitness ‐ muscle strength, knee flexion 1 54 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 6.40 [‐3.76, 16.56]
16.1 During usual care 1 54 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 6.40 [‐3.76, 16.56]
16.2 After usual care 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
17 Physical fitness ‐ muscle strength, elbow extension force (N) 1 18 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐19.43 [‐54.11, 15.25]
17.1 During usual care 1 18 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐19.43 [‐54.11, 15.25]
17.2 After usual care 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
18 Physical fitness ‐ muscle strength, elbow flexion force (N) 1 18 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐15.50 [‐54.04, 23.04]
18.1 During usual care 1 18 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐15.50 [‐54.04, 23.04]
18.2 After usual care 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
19 Physical fitness ‐ muscle strength, grip force (N) 1 18 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐6.25 [‐52.41, 39.91]
19.1 During usual care 1 18 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐6.25 [‐52.41, 39.91]
19.2 After usual care 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
20 Physical fitness ‐ muscle strength, grip strength (paretic hand) 2 165 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.05 [‐0.36, 0.26]
20.1 During usual care 0 0 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
20.2 After usual care 2 165 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.05 [‐0.36, 0.26]
21 Physical fitness ‐ muscle strength, leg extensor power (affected leg) W/Kg 1 66 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.07 [‐0.08, 0.22]
21.1 During usual care 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
21.2 After usual care 1 66 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.07 [‐0.08, 0.22]
22 Mobility ‐ Functional Ambulation Categories 1 242 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.10 [‐0.02, 0.22]
22.1 During usual care 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
22.2 After usual care 1 242 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.10 [‐0.02, 0.22]
23 Mobility ‐ preferred gait speed (m/min) 9 639 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 4.54 [0.95, 8.14]
23.1 During usual care 3 153 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 3.37 [‐2.63, 9.37]
23.2 After usual care 6 486 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 4.97 [0.68, 9.26]
24 Mobility ‐ preferred gait speed (m/min); subgroup: therapy time 9 639 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 4.54 [0.95, 8.14]
24.1 Confounded 6 438 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 6.32 [1.08, 11.55]
24.2 Unconfounded 3 201 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.49 [‐2.96, 3.94]
25 Mobility ‐ gait endurance (6‐MWT metres) 7 561 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 41.60 [25.25, 57.95]
25.1 During usual care 1 40 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 66.30 [‐19.79, 152.39]
25.2 After usual care 6 521 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 40.68 [24.03, 57.33]
26 Mobility ‐ Community Ambulation Speed (> 0.8 m/sec) 3 232 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.38 [0.78, 2.42]
26.1 During usual care 1 67 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.75 [0.46, 6.65]
26.2 After usual care 2 165 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.31 [0.70, 2.44]
27 Physical function ‐ balance ‐ Berg Balance scale 6 260 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 1.97 [0.36, 3.59]
27.1 During usual care 4 140 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 1.70 [‐2.53, 5.93]
27.2 After usual care 2 120 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 2.42 [0.83, 4.00]
28 Physical function ‐ balance ‐ functional reach 2 166 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.14 [‐0.22, 0.50]
28.1 During usual care 0 0 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
28.2 After usual care 2 166 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.14 [‐0.22, 0.50]
29 Physical function ‐ balance ‐ Four Square Step Test 1 28 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 3.00 [‐1.21, 7.21]
29.1 During usual care 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
29.2 After usual care 1 28 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 3.00 [‐1.21, 7.21]
30 Physical function ‐ balance ‐ timed balance test 1 242 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.32 [0.06, 0.58]
30.1 During usual care 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
30.2 After usual care 1 242 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.32 [0.06, 0.58]
31 Physical function ‐ balance ‐ combined outcome data 9 596 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.27 [0.07, 0.47]
31.1 During usual care 4 140 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.17 [‐0.17, 0.50]
31.2 After usual care 5 456 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.30 [0.02, 0.57]
32 Physical function ‐ Timed Up and Go (sec) 4 418 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐1.37 [‐2.26, ‐0.47]
32.1 During usual care 1 62 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐2.0 [‐11.24, 7.24]
32.2 After usual care 3 356 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐1.75 [‐3.37, ‐0.12]
33 Physical function ‐ Timed Up and Go (sec) ‐ sensitivity analysis ‐ unconfounded trials 2 128 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐1.13 [‐2.91, 0.65]
33.1 During usual care 1 62 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐2.0 [‐11.24, 7.24]
33.2 After usual care 1 66 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐1.10 [‐2.91, 0.71]
34 Physical function ‐ Action Research Arm Test 1 18 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐1.40 [‐16.58, 13.78]
34.1 During usual care 1 18 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐1.40 [‐16.58, 13.78]
34.2 After usual care 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
35 Health‐related QoL ‐ SF‐36 physical functioning 2 112 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.48 [0.10, 0.85]
35.1 During usual care 0 0 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
35.2 After usual care 2 112 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.48 [0.10, 0.85]
36 Health‐related QoL ‐ SF‐36 social role functioning 2 112 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.48 [‐0.22, 1.17]
36.1 During usual care 0 0 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
36.2 After usual care 2 112 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.48 [‐0.22, 1.17]
37 Health‐related QoL ‐ SF‐36 physical role functioning 3 178 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.56 [0.26, 0.86]
37.1 During usual care 0 0 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
37.2 After usual care 3 178 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.56 [0.26, 0.86]
38 Health‐related QoL ‐ SF‐36 emotional role functioning 1 93 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 15.5 [2.98, 28.02]
38.1 During usual care 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
38.2 After usual care 1 93 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 15.5 [2.98, 28.02]
39 Health‐related QoL ‐ Stroke‐Adapted Sickness Impact profile 1 83 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐2.70 [‐7.81, 2.41]
39.1 During usual care 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
39.2 After usual care 1 83 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐2.70 [‐7.81, 2.41]
40 Health‐related QoL ‐ EuroQol (Health State) 1 67 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.12 [‐0.03, 0.27]
40.1 During usual care 1 67 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.12 [‐0.03, 0.27]
40.2 After usual care 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
41 Health‐related QoL ‐ EuroQol (self perceived health) 1 67 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 9.10 [‐0.14, 18.34]
41.1 During usual care 1 67 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 9.10 [‐0.14, 18.34]
41.2 After usual care 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
42 Mood ‐ Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) ‐ anxiety score 3 391 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.28 [‐0.95, 0.40]
42.1 During usual care 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
42.2 After usual care 3 391 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.28 [‐0.95, 0.40]
43 Mood ‐ Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) ‐ depression score 3 391 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.59 [‐0.08, 1.26]
43.1 During usual care 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
43.2 After usual care 3 391 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.59 [‐0.08, 1.26]
44 Mood ‐ Stroke Impact Scale emotion score 2 335 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 2.87 [‐3.40, 9.14]
44.1 During usual care 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
44.2 After usual care 2 335 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 2.87 [‐3.40, 9.14]
45 Mood ‐ Geriatric Depression Scale 1 93 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐1.90 [‐3.10, ‐0.70]
45.1 During usual care 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
45.2 After usual care 1 93 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐1.90 [‐3.10, ‐0.70]
46 Mood ‐ combined depression scales 4 484 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.01 [‐0.39, 0.37]
46.1 During usual care 0 0 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
46.2 After usual care 4 484 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.01 [‐0.39, 0.37]
47 Cognitive function ‐ FIM cognitive score 2 159 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.08 [‐0.47, 0.31]
47.1 During usual care 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
47.2 After usual care 2 159 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.08 [‐0.47, 0.31]
48 Cognitive function ‐ SIS memory and thinking 1 93 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 7.40 [‐0.31, 15.11]
48.1 During usual care 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
48.2 After usual care 1 93 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 7.40 [‐0.31, 15.11]
49 Cognitive function ‐ SIS communication 1 93 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 4.10 [‐3.26, 11.46]
49.1 During usual care 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
49.2 After usual care 1 93 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 4.10 [‐3.26, 11.46]