Lee 2013

Methods	Design: randomised trial of close kinetic chain resistance exercise versus open kinetic chain resistance exercise versus no intervention Randomisation: unclear Allocation concealment: information not included Blinding: information not included ITT: no ITT but no losses Measurements: end of intervention (6 weeks) Withdrawals: none
Participants	Randomised: total 33 participants. 11 to close kinetic chain exercise (CKC), 11 to open kinetic chain exercise (OKC) and 11 to control Intervention 1 (CKC): 11 participants; 7 male, 4 female; mean age: 59.3 (SD 8.87); months after stroke 19.9 (SD 7.59) Intervention 2 (OKC) 11 participants; 7 male, 4 female; mean age 58.8 (SD 6.81); months post‐stroke 20.3 (SD 8.13) Control: 11 participants 6 male 5 female; mean age 60.10 (SD 7.01); months after stroke 19.70 (SD 9.42) Inclusion criteria: age 30 to 65 years; stroke occurring at least 6 months before start of study; sufficient cognition to comprehend study purpose; one‐sided hemiparesis of lower extremity Exclusion criteria: severe cognitive, communicative, perceptual or sensory problems preventing understanding of study purpose; other neurologic or psychiatric problems causing difficulties in following programme; unstable cardiovascular/ventilatory problems
Interventions	Resistance training 5 times/week for 6 weeks Warm up – 4 reps at 25% of 1‐RM followed by 3 sets (8 to 10 reps) at 70% of 1‐RM adjusted weekly Intervention 1 (CKC): – seated, paretic foot on pedal of a leg press machine with pneumatic resistance, extend leg and slowly flex Intervention 2 (OKC) – sat in chair, back facing leg press exercise machine, knee maintained at 90 degrees of flexion with free distal extremity. Extend and slowly flex knee Control: no intervention (maintained routine activity) Setting: unclear
Outcomes	Included outcomes: balance (postural sway) Other outcomes: muscle activation (limb muscle EMG recordings)
Notes	Very similar to Lee 2013a
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	High risk	Not reported in paper
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	High risk	Not reported in paper
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Not reported in paper
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Not reported in paper
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) End of intervention	Low risk	No losses
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	High risk	Protocol not available
Other bias	Unclear risk	Unclear
Imbalanced exposure	High risk	Imbalanced exposure between control group and both intervention groups